Recent developments in Phytophthora diseases of trees and natural ecosystems in Europe

Phytophthora diseases of trees is a fast moving field: considerable research progress and further unexpected disease developments have occurred since our last European review of 2001 (see Brasier and Jung, 2003). These developments include accumulating evidence that Phytophthoras are spreading from infested nursery stock into forests; advances in the taxonomy and phylogeny of European forest Phytophthoras; an upsurge in Phytophthora activity on European beech and sycamore; surveys of Phytophthora populations on chestnut and oaks; and elucidation of a possible mechanism of pathogenesis of P. cinnamomi. Developments on the ‘sudden oak death’ front include the spread of P. ramorum onto trees; progress in assessing the potential host range of P. ramorum on European tree species; characterisation of EU and US populations of P. ramorum for phenotypes and isozymes; further elucidation of the P. ramorum breeding system; and the discovery of another new ‘aerial’ invasive, P. kernoviae, in the UK. Here we review these developments and consider some of their implications.

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