A Conceptual Framework for Facilitating Geospatial Thinking

In this article we investigate whether a geospatial task-based framework can be conceptualized and developed to assist in structuring (in a grade-related context) a conceptual framework that could help build a vocabulary and scope and sequence structure for the geospatial thinking that makes the world and its activities legible to us. Our argument is presented in conceptual terms, but we offer preliminary evidence, based on work with local third-grade and sixth-grade students, that a hierarchy of concepts can be developed based on complexity, and we give results from pilot experiments to illustrate the feasibility of the hypothetical framework. The pilot studies show a clear differentiation of vocabulary and concept use between the two sampled grades and provide some substantiation of the potential use of the conceptual framework.

[1]  Rolf A. Zwaan The Immersed Experiencer: Toward An Embodied Theory Of Language Comprehension , 2003 .

[2]  M. Sholl The relation between sense of direction and mental geographic updating , 1988 .

[3]  D. Sekeres,et al.  My word! Vocabulary and Geography Learning , 2006 .

[4]  Reginald G. Golledge,et al.  The Conceptual and Empirical Basis of a General Theory of Spatial Knowledge , 1990 .

[5]  James,et al.  Rediscovering Geography: New Relevance for Science and Society , 1997 .

[6]  B. Landau,et al.  “What” and “where” in spatial language and spatial cognition , 1993 .

[7]  Sarah Witham Bednarz,et al.  Geography for Life: National Geography Standards, 1994. , 1994 .

[8]  R. Boehm A Scope and Sequence in Geographic Education, Grades K-12 , 2002 .

[9]  Children's and adults' acquisition of spatial information: actual and simulated environmental experience. , 1986, The Journal of general psychology.

[10]  Reginald G. Golledge,et al.  Do People Understand Spatial Concepts: The Case of First-Order Primitives , 1992, Spatio-Temporal Reasoning.

[11]  P. Starkey,et al.  Perception of numbers by human infants. , 1980, Science.

[12]  Reginald G. Golledge Primitives of Spatial Knowledge , 1995 .

[13]  C. Spencer,et al.  Young Children's Descriptions of Their Local Environment: A Comparison of Information Elicited by Recall Recognition and Performance Techniques of Investigation. , 1981 .

[14]  Janellen Huttenlocher,et al.  Constructing spatial images: A strategy in reasoning. , 1968 .

[15]  R. Roberts,et al.  Developmental differences in giving directions: spatial frames of reference and mental rotation. , 1993, Child development.

[16]  Mapping Abilities of Four-Year-Old Children in York, England , 1996 .

[17]  M. Lansdale Modeling memory for absolute location. , 1998, Psychological review.

[18]  Rita Colwell,et al.  The New Landscape of Science: A Geographic Portal , 2004, Annals of the Association of American Geographers.

[19]  J. Deloache,et al.  The Development of Early Symbolization: Educational Implications. , 1998 .

[20]  Kelly S. Mix,et al.  Similarity and Numerical Equivalence: Appearances Count , 1999 .

[21]  Ellen Bialystok,et al.  Symbolic representation of letters and numbers , 1992 .

[22]  Nora S. Newcombe,et al.  THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPATIAL LOCATION CODING: PLACE LEARNING AND DEAD RECKONING IN THE SECOND AND THIRD YEARS , 1998 .

[23]  H. Pick,et al.  Spatial orientation : theory, research, and application , 1984 .

[24]  Lisa M. Stevenson,et al.  Real-World Knowledge through Real-World Maps: A Developmental Guide for Navigating the Educational Terrain , 2002 .

[25]  D. R. Montello A New Framework for Understanding the Acquisition of Spatial Knowledge in Large-Scale Environments , 1998 .

[26]  R. Downs,et al.  Understanding maps as symbols: the development of map concepts in children. , 1989, Advances in child development and behavior.

[27]  R. Golledge The Nature of Geographic Knowledge , 2002 .

[28]  J. Huttenlocher,et al.  Children's Early Ability to Solve Perspective-Taking Problems. , 1992 .

[29]  L. Hedges,et al.  Categories and particulars: prototype effects in estimating spatial location. , 1991, Psychological review.

[30]  Meredith Marsh,et al.  Geospatial Concept Understanding and Recognition in G6–College Students: A Preliminary Argument for Minimal GIS , 2007 .

[31]  S E Antell,et al.  Perception of numerical invariance in neonates. , 1983, Child development.

[32]  Judy S. DeLoache,et al.  Early Understanding and Use of Symbols: The Model Model , 1995 .

[33]  J. M. Blaut Environmental Mapping in Young Children , 1970 .

[34]  A. Su,et al.  The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics , 1932, The Mathematical Gazette.

[35]  J. Piaget,et al.  The Psychology of the Child , 1969 .

[36]  S. Kosslyn Seeing and imagining in the cerebral hemispheres: a computational approach. , 1987, Psychological review.

[37]  T. Mueller Learning to Think Spatially , 2006 .

[38]  T. McNamara,et al.  Mental Representations of Spatial and Nonspatial Relations , 1989, The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology.

[39]  Péter Szigetvári,et al.  What and When? , 2019, Inauguration and Liturgical Kingship in the Long Twelfth Century.

[40]  Wilfried Brauer,et al.  Spatial cognition III: Routes and navigation, human memory and learning, spatial representation and spatial learning , 2003 .

[41]  B. Tversky Distortions in memory for maps , 1981, Cognitive Psychology.

[42]  Lynn S. Liben,et al.  Children’s Understanding of Maps , 1987 .

[43]  J. Huttenlocher,et al.  Spatial Scaling in Young Children , 1999 .

[44]  E. Cannon,et al.  Preschoolers' Magnitude Comparisons are Mediated by a Preverbal Analog Mechanism , 2000, Psychological science.

[45]  E. H. Cornell,et al.  Children's wayfinding: Response to instructions to use environmental landmarks. , 1989 .

[46]  J. Jonides,et al.  Evidence of hierarchies in cognitive maps , 1985, Memory & cognition.

[47]  Marie-Pascale Noël,et al.  Magnitude comparison in preschoolers: what counts? Influence of perceptual variables. , 2004, Journal of experimental child psychology.

[48]  Roger M. Downs,et al.  Geography for Life. , 1993 .

[49]  L. Acredolo Developmental changes in the ability to coordinate perspectives of a large-scale space. , 1977 .

[50]  Elizabeth M Brannon,et al.  The development of ordinal numerical knowledge in infancy , 2002, Cognition.

[51]  Billie Turner,et al.  Contested Identities: Human-Environment Geography and Disciplinary Implications in a Restructuring Academy , 2002 .

[52]  M. Schlossberg An International Directory of Spatial Tests. , 1984 .

[53]  M. Blades,et al.  Mapping as a Cultural and Cognitive Universal , 2003 .

[54]  David Stea,et al.  Mapping as a Cultural Universal , 1996 .

[55]  R. Golledge,et al.  Spatial Behavior: A Geographic Perspective , 1996 .

[56]  C. Donald Heth,et al.  Differential use of landmarks by 8-and 12-year-old children during route reversal navigation , 1997 .

[57]  Barbara Tversky,et al.  Navigating by Mind and by Body , 2003, Spatial Cognition.

[58]  M. Strauss,et al.  Infant perception of numerosity. , 1981, Child development.

[59]  Daniel R. Montello,et al.  Scale and Multiple Psychologies of Space , 1993, COSIT.

[60]  Reginald G. Golledge,et al.  Incidental Learning of Geospatial Concepts Across Grade Levels: Map Overlay , 2006 .

[61]  Clark C. Presson,et al.  The coding and transformation of spatial information , 1979, Cognitive Psychology.

[62]  Roger M. Downs,et al.  Geography for Life: National Geography Standards 1994. Executive Summary. , 1994 .

[63]  Lynn S. Liben,et al.  Children's large-scale spatial cognition: Is the measure the message? , 1982 .

[64]  J. Huttenlocher,et al.  The Coding of Spatial Location in Young Children , 1994, Cognitive Psychology.

[65]  David M. Mark,et al.  Geographical categories: an ontological investigation , 2001, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[66]  F. J. Langdon,et al.  The Child's Conception of Space , 1967 .