Frequency-domain 3D Borehole-surface Electromagnetic Modeling by the Volume Integral Equation Method

This paper presents the characteristics of electromagnetic anomalies using borehole-surface 3D modeling. The program used was developed by BGP on the basis of the volume integral equation. The modeling results show that borehole-surface EM method can monitor the variation of resistivity and thickness of reservoir during oil gas production based on the variation of electromagnetic anomalies. Although we have modeled several parameters, only two, resistivity and thickness, are described in the paper.