Landslide susceptibility of the Xiangjiaba Reservoir area associated with the Yaziba Fault

Landslides along active fault zones are important hazards during and after earthquakes. They can also cause secondary disasters such as surges, creation of landslide dams, and flooding, especially in reservoir areas. This study analyzed landslide susceptibility of the Xiangjiaba Reservoir area associated with the Yaziba Fault. Analysis of permanent displacement and failure probabilities were used for the regional assessment. Ground motion attenuation relations were selected and compared to produce a peak acceleration map using the Yaziba Fault as the seismic source. Geotechnical parameters were determined by classification of rock groups and geomorphic data were calculated using GIS tools. A distribution of the permanent displacements and a failure probability map was generated. According to the peak ground acceleration (PGA) map, the C-B model was adopted to present the actual conditions of PGA in greater detail while local specific models are more appropriate if there is little measured data. Results indicated larger displacement values and failures are distributed on both sides of the fault, especially in the hanging wall. The feasibility of the research approach was verified using historic earthquake-induced landslides.

[1]  J. Azañón,et al.  GIS application for regional assessment of seismically induced slope failures in the Sierra Nevada Range, South Spain, along the Padul Fault , 2014, Environmental Earth Sciences.

[2]  D. Bindi,et al.  Ground motion prediction equations derived from the Italian strong motion database , 2011 .

[3]  Alberto Refice,et al.  Probabilistic modeling of uncertainties in earthquake-induced landslide hazard assessment , 2002 .

[4]  Yuehua Zeng,et al.  A composite source model of the 1994 Northridge earthquake using genetic algorithms , 1996, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.

[5]  W. Tao,et al.  Application and Validation of Seismic Landslide Displacement Analysis Based on Newmark Model : A Case Study in Wenchuan Earthquake , 2013 .

[6]  D. Wald,et al.  Review Article Topographic Slope as a Proxy for Seismic Site Conditions and Amplification , 2007 .

[7]  Janusz Wasowski,et al.  An Approach to Time-Probabilistic Evaluation of Seismically Induced Landslide Hazard , 2003 .

[8]  Han Jinliang.  The Identification of Large‐Giant Bedrock Landslides Triggered by Earthquake in the Longmenshan Tectonic Belt , 2015 .

[9]  J. Bommer,et al.  Earthquake-induced landslides: 1980–1997 , 1999 .

[10]  Analysis of activity intensity for landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Province, China , 2012, Environmental Earth Sciences.

[11]  N. N. Ambraseys,et al.  Earthquake‐induced ground displacements , 1988 .

[12]  D. Varnes.  Landslide hazard zonation: A review of principles and practice , 1984 .

[13]  Qiang Xu,et al.  Rapid susceptibility mapping of co-seismic landslides triggered by the 2013 Lushan Earthquake using the regression model developed for the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake , 2013, Journal of Mountain Science.

[14]  R. Romeo.  Seismically induced landslide displacements: a predictive model , 2000 .

[15]  Chong Xu,et al.  Landslide hazard mapping using GIS and weight of evidence model in Qingshui River watershed of 2008 Wenchuan earthquake struck region , 2012, Journal of Earth Science.

[16]  Determination of design earthquake magnitudes for microzonation , 1982 .

[17]  Azad Yazdani,et al.  Earthquake ground-motion prediction equations for northern Iran , 2013, Natural Hazards.

[18]  Zhou Su-hua,et al.  A Combined Weight of Evidence and Logistic Regression Method for Susceptibility Mapping of Earthquake‐induced Landslides: A Case Study of the April 20, 2013 Lushan Earthquake, China , 2016 .

[19]  Qiang Xu,et al.  Spatial distribution of large-scale landslides induced by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake , 2011 .

[20]  Gokhan Saygili,et al.  Probabilistically based seismic landslide hazard maps: An application in Southern California , 2009 .

[21]  N. Newmark.  Effects of Earthquakes on Dams and Embankments , 1965 .

[22]  David M. Boore,et al.  Estimating Unknown Input Parameters when Implementing the NGA Ground-Motion Prediction Equations in Engineering Practice , 2011 .

[23]  R. Soeters,et al.  Landslide hazard and risk zonation—why is it still so difficult? , 2006 .

[24]  Estimating slope failure potential in an earthquake prone area: a case study at Skolis Mountain, NW Peloponnesus, Greece , 2012, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment.

[25]  Gail M. Atkinson,et al.  Stochastic Finite-Fault Modeling Based on a Dynamic Corner Frequency , 2005 .

[26]  Liang Bin,et al.  Geohazards Induced by the Lushan Ms7.0 Earthquake in Sichuan Province, Southwest China: Typical Examples, Types and Distributional Characteristics , 2013 .

[27]  Randall W. Jibson,et al.  PREDICTING EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDE DISPLACEMENTS USING NEWMARK'S SLIDING BLOCK ANALYSIS , 1993 .

[28]  Jonathan P. Stewart,et al.  NGA-West2 Equations for Predicting PGA, PGV, and 5% Damped PSA for Shallow Crustal Earthquakes , 2014 .

[29]  Xinli Hu,et al.  Characteristics of landslides induced by the great Wenchuan earthquake , 2010 .

[30]  Scott B. Miles,et al.  Evaluation of seismic slope-performance models using a regional case study , 2000 .

[31]  Friedemann Wenzel,et al.  Ground-motion prediction equations for the intermediate depth Vrancea (Romania) earthquakes , 2008 .

[32]  Vaibhav Singhal,et al.  Sub-Paneling of Masonry Walls Using Precast Reinforced Concrete Elements for Earthquake Resistance , 2014 .

[33]  Norman A. Abrahamson,et al.  Summary of the ASK14 Ground Motion Relation for Active Crustal Regions , 2014 .

[34]  E. Scordilis.  Empirical Global Relations Converting MS and mb to Moment Magnitude , 2006 .

[35]  K. Campbell,et al.  NGA-West2 Ground Motion Model for the Average Horizontal Components of PGA, PGV, and 5% Damped Linear Acceleration Response Spectra , 2014 .

[36]  Wang Xiao-fang.  Predictive models for permanent displacement of slopes based on recorded strong-motion data of Wenchuan Earthquake , 2012 .

[37]  D. Wald,et al.  On the Use of High-Resolution Topographic Data as a Proxy for Seismic Site Conditions (VS30) , 2009 .

[38]  Robert R. Youngs,et al.  Update of the Chiou and Youngs NGA Model for the Average Horizontal Component of Peak Ground Motion and Response Spectra , 2014 .

[39]  Nationwide site amplification zoning using GIS-based Japan Engineering Geomorphologic Classification Map , 2005 .

[40]  Julian J. Bommer,et al.  Sensitivity of PSHA results to ground motion prediction relations and logic-tree weights , 2005 .

[41]  William Murphy,et al.  USING GIS IN THE PROBABILISTIC ASSESSMENT OF EARTHQUAKE TRIGGERED LANDSLIDE HAZARDS , 1998 .

[42]  P. Cui,et al.  Susceptibility assessment of landslides caused by the wenchuan earthquake using a logistic regression model , 2010 .

[43]  Nicholas Sitar,et al.  Assessment of Seismic Slope Stability Using GIS Modeling , 2000, Ann. GIS.

[44]  Shu Xianghua.  Study on moderate-strong seismic intensity attenuation relations in Sichuan-Yunnan and its adjacent areas , 2011 .

[45]  Carlton L. Ho,et al.  APPLICATIONS AND ISSUES OF GIS AS TOOL FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING MODELING , 1999 .

[46]  R. Jibson,et al.  Maps Showing Seismic Landslide Hazards in Anchorage, Alaska , 2009 .

[47]  Satoshi Fujiwara,et al.  Interpretation of landslide distribution triggered by the 2005 Northern Pakistan earthquake using SPOT 5 imagery , 2007 .

[48]  R. Jibson.  Regression models for estimating coseismic landslide displacement , 2007 .

[49]  C. Lee,et al.  Empirical estimation of the Newmark displacement from the Arias intensity and critical acceleration , 2011 .

[50]  E. Harp,et al.  A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps , 2000 .