Fuzzy Logic Based Cluster Head Election for Wireless Sensor Network

In practice, hundreds or thousands of wireless sensor nodes are used to form a complex but useful wireless sensor network for monitoring and analysis of the environmental purpose. In general, environmental monitoring cluster based hierarchical routing protocol is among the most common protocol being opted due to the load balancing among each other sensor. Normally, sensors are randomly deployed in a specific area to collect useful information periodically for a few months or even a few years. Therefore, the lifetime of battery power becomes a limitation and challenging issue. It is impractical to maintain the network lifetime by changing the battery frequently. LEACH is one of the famous clustering protocols that elect the cluster head based on the probability model which will possibly lead to a reduce in network lifetime due to selection of cluster head with a least desired location in the network. For wireless sensor networks, the distribution of cluster head selection directly influences the network’s lifetime. This paper presents a fuzzy logic based cluster head election conducted in base station. The base station is placed in the middle of the network and it considers two selection criteria from sensor nodes which are energy level and distance to the base station to select the suitable cluster head that will prolong the first node die (FND) time and data stream guaranteed in every single round. The proposed method also eliminates the need of location information, Global Positioning System (GPS) of the sensor nodes, as GPS may be ineffective in some cases.