Gaze Direction Estimation with a Single Camera Based on Four Reference Points and Three Calibration Images

We propose a method to estimate gaze direction in real time with a single camera based on four reference points and three calibration images. First, the position at which the eyeball center is projected is calculated as a linear combination of those of the reference points. Then, the gaze direction is estimated as a vector connecting the calculated eyeball center and the detected iris center. The algorithm is head pose free. We implemented the algorithm on a PC with a Xeon 2.2-GHz CPU, which works at a rate of 30 fps.

[1]  S. Horihata,et al.  Image based eye-gaze estimation irrespective of head direction , 2002, Industrial Electronics, 2002. ISIE 2002. Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on.

[2]  Carlos Hitoshi Morimoto,et al.  Eye gaze tracking techniques for interactive applications , 2005, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[3]  Alexander Zelinsky,et al.  An algorithm for real-time stereo vision implementation of head pose and gaze direction measurement , 2000, Proceedings Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (Cat. No. PR00580).

[4]  Qian Chen,et al.  Conic-based algorithm for visual line estimation from one image , 2004, Sixth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 2004. Proceedings..

[5]  Shumeet Baluja,et al.  Non-Intrusive Gaze Tracking Using Artificial Neural Networks , 1993, NIPS.

[6]  Jian-Gang Wang,et al.  Gaze determination via images of irises , 2001, Image Vis. Comput..

[7]  Jian-Gang Wang,et al.  Estimating the eye gaze from one eye , 2005, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[8]  Shinjiro Kawato,et al.  Just blink your eyes: a head-free gaze tracking system , 2003, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[9]  Jie Zhu,et al.  Subpixel eye gaze tracking , 2002, Proceedings of Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face Gesture Recognition.

[10]  Myung Jin Chung,et al.  A novel non-intrusive eye gaze estimation using cross-ratio under large head motion , 2005, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[11]  Alex Waibel,et al.  Gaze Tracking Based on Face‐Color , 1995 .