Intumescence-Based Fire Retardants

[1]  C. A. Wilkie,et al.  High throughput methods for polymer nanocomposites research: Extrusion, NMR characterization and flammability property screening , 2003 .

[2]  Y. Halpern,et al.  Fire retardancy of thermoplastic materials by intumescence , 1984 .

[3]  Wei Liu,et al.  Char-forming mechanism of a novel polymeric flame retardant with char agent , 2007 .

[4]  Bernhard Schartel,et al.  Flame Retardancy Mechanisms of Aluminium Phosphinate in Combination with Melamine Cyanurate in Glass-Fibre-Reinforced Poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate) , 2008 .

[5]  Qi Wang,et al.  Catalytic action of phospho-tungstic acid in the synthesis of melamine salts of pentaerythritol phosphate and their synergistic effects in flame retarded polypropylene , 2006 .

[6]  S. Bourbigot,et al.  4A zeolite synergistic agent in new flame retardant intumescent formulations of polyethylenic polymers — study of the effect of the constituent monomers , 1996 .

[7]  S. Bourbigot,et al.  Recent Advances for Intumescent Polymers , 2004 .

[8]  A. Richard Horrocks,et al.  A review of flame retardant polypropylene fibres , 2003 .

[9]  S. Bourbigot,et al.  Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane as flame retardant for thermoplastic polyurethane , 2009 .

[10]  Sophie Duquesne,et al.  The use of POSS as synergist in intumescent recycled Poly(ethylene terephthalate) , 2008 .

[11]  G. Camino,et al.  Study of the mechanism of intumescence in fire retardant polymers. Part II: Mechanism of action in polypropylene - ammonium polyphosphate - pentaerythritol mixtures , 1984 .

[12]  René Delobel,et al.  Thermal Behaviours of Ammonium Polyphosphate-Pentaerythritol and Ammonium Pyrophosphate-Pentaerythritol Intumescent Additives in Polypropylene Formulations , 1990 .

[13]  F. Maurer,et al.  Evaluation and characterization of ammoniumpolyphosphate-pentaerythritol-based systems for intumescent coatings , 2007 .

[14]  E. Han,et al.  Fire‐resistant effect of nanoclay on intumescent nanocomposite coatings , 2007 .

[15]  F. Gao,et al.  Effect of a novel phosphorous–nitrogen containing intumescent flame retardant on the fire retardancy and the thermal behaviour of poly(butylene terephthalate) , 2006 .

[16]  S. Bourbigot,et al.  Intumescent fire protective coating: Toward a better understanding of their mechanism of action , 2006 .

[17]  Yu-Zhong Wang,et al.  A Novel Phosphorus‐Containing Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Nanocomposite with Both Flame Retardancy and Anti‐Dripping Effects , 2006 .

[18]  G. Liang,et al.  Effects of EG and MoSi2 on thermal degradation of intumescent coating , 2007 .

[19]  A. Horrocks,et al.  Char formation in flame-retarded wool fibres. Part 1. Effect of intumescent on thermogravimetric behaviour , 2000 .

[20]  S. Bourbigot,et al.  Multiscale Experimental Approach for Developing High-Performance Intumescent Coatings , 2006 .

[21]  C. A. Wilkie,et al.  Fire Retardancy of Vinyl Ester Nanocomposites: Synergy with Phosphorus-Based Fire Retardants , 2005 .

[22]  Sophie Duquesne,et al.  Modeling of Heat Transfer of a Polypropylene-Based Intumescent System during Combustion , 1999 .

[23]  Qi Wang,et al.  Reactive extrusion to synthesize intumescent flame retardant with a solid acid as catalyst and the flame retardancy of the products in polypropylene , 2008 .

[24]  R. N. Walters,et al.  Fire‐resistant elastomers , 2003 .

[25]  Y. L. Tallec,et al.  New intumescent formulations of fire-retardant polypropylene : Discussion of the free radical mechanism of the formation of carbonaceous protective material during the thermo-oxidative treatment of the additives , 1996 .

[26]  Qi Wang,et al.  Reaction of melamine phosphate with pentaerythritol and its products for flame retardation of polypropylene , 2007 .

[27]  B. Kandola,et al.  The effect of intumescents on the burning behaviour of polyester-resin-containing composites , 2002 .

[28]  Anna Lundgren,et al.  Influence of the Structure of Acrylate Groups on the Flame Retardant Behavior of Ethylene Acrylate Copolymers Modified with Chalk and Silicone Elastomer , 2007 .

[29]  Zhi-Ling Ma,et al.  Synthesis and properties of intumescent, phosphorus‐containing, flame‐retardant polyesters , 1997 .

[30]  Sophie Duquesne,et al.  Characterization of the performance of an intumescent fire protective coating , 2006 .

[31]  Patrick Van Hees,et al.  On the intumescence of ethylene-acrylate copolymers blended with chalk and silicone , 2007 .

[32]  G. Camino,et al.  Study of the mechanism of intumescence in fire retardant polymers. Part V: Mechanism of formation of gaseous products in the thermal degradation of ammonium polyphosphate , 1985 .

[33]  Serge Bourbigot,et al.  Microencapsulation of ammonium phosphate with a polyurethane shell. Part II. Interfacial polymerization technique , 2006 .

[34]  Qi Wang,et al.  Performance of intumescent flame retardant master batch synthesized through twin-screw reactively extruding technology: effect of component ratio , 2003 .

[35]  A. Alderson,et al.  The sensitisation of thermal decomposition of ammonium polyphosphate by selected metal ions and their potential for improved cotton fabric flame retardancy , 2005 .

[36]  Yu-Zhong Wang,et al.  A novel intumescent flame-retardant system containing metal chelates for polyvinyl alcohol , 2007 .

[37]  S. Bourbigot,et al.  SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF ZEOLITE IN AN INTUMESCENCE PROCESS : STUDY OF THE CARBONACEOUS STRUCTURES USING SOLID-STATE NMR , 1996 .

[38]  Yu-Zhong Wang,et al.  Flame-retardant and anti-dripping effects of a novel char-forming flame retardant for the treatment of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabrics , 2005 .

[39]  Serge Bourbigot,et al.  Microencapsulation of ammonium phosphate with a polyurethane shell part I: Coacervation technique , 2005 .

[40]  S. Bourbigot,et al.  High-throughput fire testing for intumescent coatings , 2006 .

[41]  S. Bourbigot,et al.  Characterization and Reaction to Fire of Polymer Nanocomposites with and without Conventional Flame Retardants , 2008 .

[42]  E. Scamporrino,et al.  Intumescent flame retardants for polymers. II. The polypropylene‐ammonium polyphosphate‐polyurea system , 1983 .

[43]  B. Schartel,et al.  Flame retardancy mechanisms of aluminium phosphinate in combination with melamine polyphosphate and zinc borate in glass-fibre reinforced polyamide 6,6 , 2007 .

[44]  S. Bourbigot,et al.  Zeolites : New synergistic agents for intumescent fire retardant thermoplastic formulations : Criteria for the choice of the zeolite , 1996 .

[45]  Qi Wang,et al.  Performance of an intumescent‐flame‐retardant master batch synthesized by twin‐screw reactive extrusion: effect of the polypropylene carrier resin , 2004 .

[46]  S. Bourbigot,et al.  Fire retardant polymers : recent developments and opportunities , 2007 .

[47]  Thomas Hjertberg,et al.  The flame retardant mechanism of polyolefins modified with chalk and silicone elastomer , 2003 .

[48]  L. Costa,et al.  The Effect of Nanometals on the Flammability and Thermooxidative Degradation of Polymer Materials , 2000 .

[49]  S. Bourbigot,et al.  Effect of zinc borate on the thermal degradation of ammonium polyphosphate , 2007 .

[50]  Baljinder K. Kandola,et al.  Developments in flame retardant textiles – a review , 2005 .

[51]  S. Bourbigot,et al.  Microencapsulation of phosphate: application to flame retarded coated cotton , 2002 .

[52]  Yu-Zhong Wang,et al.  A Novel Intumescent Flame‐Retardant Polyethylene System , 2006 .

[53]  S. Bourbigot,et al.  Intumescent flame retardant systems of modified rheology , 2002 .

[54]  S. Bourbigot,et al.  Fire Degradation of an Intumescent Flame Retardant Polypropylene Using the Cone Calorimeter , 1995 .

[55]  E. Han,et al.  Influence of nano-LDHs on char formation and fire-resistant properties of flame-retardant coating , 2005 .

[56]  S. Zhang,et al.  Substantive intumescence from phosphorylated 1,3-propanediol derivatives substituted on to cellulose , 2003 .

[57]  Serge Bourbigot,et al.  Heat Transfer Study of Polypropylene-Based Intumescent Systems during Combustion , 1997 .

[58]  Serge Bourbigot,et al.  Flame retarded polyurea with microencapsulated ammonium phosphate for textile coating , 2005 .

[59]  G. F. Levchik,et al.  Mechanism of action of phosphorus-based flame retardants in nylon 6. I. Ammonium polyphosphate , 1995 .

[60]  Zhi-Qiang Feng,et al.  Flame retarding glass fibers reinforced polyamide 6 by melamine polyphosphate/polyurethane‐encapsulated solid acid , 2007 .

[61]  A. Horrocks,et al.  Char Formation in Polyamides (Nylons 6 and 6.6) and Wool Keratin Phosphorylated by Polyol Phosphoryl Chlorides , 2004 .

[62]  Yuan Hu,et al.  Intumescent flame retardant–montmorillonite synergism in polypropylene‐layered silicate nanocomposites , 2003 .

[63]  Yuan Hu,et al.  Polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites and intumescent, flame‐retardant montmorillonite synergism in polypropylene nanocomposites , 2004 .

[64]  S. Bourbigot,et al.  Mineral fillers in intumescent fire retardant formulations : Criteria for the choice of a natural clay filler for the ammonium polyphosphate/pentaerythritol/polypropylene system , 1996 .

[65]  Miaojun Xu,et al.  Effect of a novel charring–foaming agent on flame retardancy and thermal degradation of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene , 2006 .

[66]  G. F. Levchik,et al.  Mechanism of Action of Phosphorus‐based Flame Retardants in Nylon 6. III. Ammonium Polyphosphate/Manganese Dioxide , 1996 .

[67]  S. Bourbigot,et al.  Neutralized flame retardant phosphorus agent: Facile synthesis, reaction to fire in PP and synergy with zinc borate , 2008 .

[68]  G. Marosi,et al.  Fire retardancy effect of migration in polypropylene nanocomposites induced by modified interlayer , 2003 .

[69]  Günter Beyer,et al.  Flame Retardancy of Nanocomposites – from Research to Technical Products , 2005 .

[70]  Menachem Lewin,et al.  Unsolved problems and unanswered questions in flame retardance of polymers , 2005 .

[71]  S. Bourbigot,et al.  Expandable graphite: A fire retardant additive for polyurethane coatings , 2003 .