Measurement of the wave-front aberration of the eye by a fast psychophysical procedure.

We used a fast psychophysical procedure to determine the wave-front aberrations of the human eye in vivo. We measured the angular deviation of light rays entering the eye at different pupillary locations by aligning an image of a point source entering the pupil at different locations to the image of a fixation cross entering the pupil at a fixed location. We fitted the data to a Zernike series to reconstruct the wave-front aberrations of the pupil. With this technique the repeatability of the measurement of the individual coefficients was 0.019 micron. The standard deviation of the overall wave-height estimation across the pupil is less than 0.3 micron. Since this technique does not require the administration of pharmacological agents to dilate the pupil, we were able to measure the changes in the aberrations of the eye during accommodation. We found that administration of even a mild dilating agent causes a change in the aberration structure of the eye.

[1]  David A. Atchison,et al.  Measurement of monochromatic ocular aberrations of human eyes as a function of accommodation by the howland aberroscope technique , 1995, Vision Research.

[2]  J. Herrmann,et al.  Cross coupling and aliasing in modal wave-front estimation , 1981 .

[3]  Junzhong Liang,et al.  Aberrations and retinal image quality of the normal human eye. , 1997, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[4]  V. Mahajan Zernike circle polynomials and optical aberrations of systems with circular pupils. , 1994, Applied optics.

[5]  A IVANOFF About the spherical aberration of the eye. , 1956, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[6]  D. G. Green,et al.  Optical Modulation Transfer and Contrast Sensitivity with Decentered Small Pupils in the Human Eye , 1996, Vision Research.

[7]  R Navarro,et al.  Phase transfer and point-spread function of the human eye determined by a new asymmetric double-pass method. , 1995, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[8]  M. Losada,et al.  Aberrations and Relative Efficiency of Light Pencils in the Living Human Eye , 1997, Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry.

[9]  Christopher A. Cook,et al.  Aging of the human crystalline lens and anterior segment , 1994, Vision Research.

[10]  B. Howland,et al.  A subjective method for the measurement of monochromatic aberrations of the eye. , 1977, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[11]  Ronald Cubalchini,et al.  Modal wave-front estimation from phase derivative measurements , 1979 .

[12]  B. Gilmartin,et al.  The relationship between tonic accommodation and ciliary muscle innervation. , 1985, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[13]  J. M. Miller,et al.  Representation of videokeratoscopic height data with Zernike polynomials. , 1995, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[14]  Junzhong Liang,et al.  Objective measurement of wave aberrations of the human eye with the use of a Hartmann-Shack wave-front sensor. , 1994, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[15]  K P Thompson,et al.  Measurement of ocular local wavefront distortion with a spatially resolved refractometer. , 1992, Applied optics.

[16]  J. Y. Wang,et al.  Wave-front interpretation with Zernike polynomials. , 1980, Applied optics.

[17]  Emil Wolf,et al.  Principles of Optics: Contents , 1999 .

[18]  D. Malacara Optical Shop Testing , 1978 .

[19]  W. Southwell Wave-front estimation from wave-front slope measurements , 1980 .

[20]  Melanie C. W. Campbell,et al.  Psychophysical measurement of the blur on the retina due to optical aberrations of the eye , 1990, Vision Research.

[21]  W N Charman,et al.  Wavefront aberration of the eye: a review. , 1991, Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry.

[22]  P Artal,et al.  Retrieval of wave aberration of human eyes from actual point-spread-function data. , 1988, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[23]  Christopher A. Cook,et al.  The zones of discontinuity in the human lens: Development and distribution with age , 1994, Vision Research.

[24]  R. Navarro,et al.  Monochromatic modulation transfer function of the human eye for different pupil diameters: an analytical expression. , 1994, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[25]  M. Campbell,et al.  Presbyopia and the optical changes in the human crystalline lens with age , 1998, Vision Research.

[26]  W N Charman,et al.  Objective technique for the determination of monochromatic aberrations of the human eye. , 1984, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[27]  F. Campbell,et al.  Optical quality of the human eye , 1966, The Journal of physiology.

[28]  A. Bradley,et al.  Monocular Diplopia Caused by Ocular Aberrations and Hyperopic Defocus , 1996, Vision Research.