Unprecedented highest electro-optic coefficient of 226 pm/V for electro-optic polymer/TiO₂ multilayer slot waveguide modulators.

We investigated the electrical properties and optical quality of two layers a titanium dioxide (TiO₂) selective layer and a sol-gel silica cladding layer for use as coating layers for nonlinear optic (NLO) polymers in electro-optic (EO) polymer/TiO₂ multilayer slot waveguide modulators. We used a simple ellipsometric reflective technique developed by Teng and Man to measure the electro-optic (EO) coefficients of poled thin films of an EO polymer in an EO multilayer device. The Pockels coefficient was enhanced up to 226 and 198 pm/V at wavelengths of 1.31 and 1.55 μm, respectively, when optimally poled with TiO₂ and a sol-gel silica cladding.

[1]  Jingdong Luo,et al.  Facile synthesis of highly efficient phenyltetraene-based nonlinear optical chromophores for electrooptics. , 2006, Organic letters.

[2]  Jeong Weon Wu,et al.  Single-beam polarization interferometry measurement of the linear electro-optic effect in poled polymer films with a reflection configuration , 1997 .

[3]  Robert A Norwood,et al.  Hybrid cross-linkable polymer/sol-gel waveguide modulators with 0.65 V half wave voltage at 1550 nm , 2007 .

[4]  R. Norwood,et al.  Hybrid polymer/sol–gel waveguide modulators with exceptionally large electro–optic coefficients , 2007 .

[5]  Larry R. Dalton,et al.  Donor-Acceptor Thiolated Polyenic Chromophores Exhibiting Large Optical Nonlinearity and Excellent Photostability , 2008 .

[6]  C. C. Teng,et al.  Simple reflection technique for measuring the electro‐optic coefficient of poled polymers , 1990 .

[7]  Jingdong Luo,et al.  Short hybrid polymer/sol-gel silica waveguide switches with high in-device electro-optic coefficient based on photostable chromophore , 2011 .

[8]  H. Fetterman,et al.  Demonstration of 110 GHz electro-optic polymer modulators , 1997 .

[9]  Chi H. Lee,et al.  Analysis of multiple reflection effects in reflective measurements of electro-optic coefficients of poled polymers in multilayer structures. , 2006, Optics express.

[10]  J. Schildkraut,et al.  Determination of the electrooptic coefficient of a poled polymer film. , 1990, Applied optics.

[11]  Jingdong Luo,et al.  Tailored Organic Electro-optic Materials and Their Hybrid Systems for Device Applications† , 2011 .

[12]  Robert A Norwood,et al.  Pockel’s coefficient enhancement of poled electro-optic polymers with a hybrid organic-inorganic sol-gel cladding layer , 2006 .

[13]  Robert Blum,et al.  High electric field conduction mechanisms in electrode poling of electro‐optic polymers , 1996 .

[14]  M. Larciprete,et al.  Measurement of the electro-optic properties of poled polymers at λ=1.55 μm by means of sandwich structures with zinc oxide transparent electrode , 2003 .

[15]  Do Y. Yoon,et al.  Electrical conduction in polyimide films , 1986 .

[16]  Antao Chen,et al.  From molecules to opto-chips: organic electro-optic materials , 1999 .

[17]  R. Nelson,et al.  Effect of conductivity and dielectric constant on the modulation voltage for nonlinear optic polymer based opto-electronic devices , 2001 .

[18]  Perry P. Yaney,et al.  Optimized cladding materials for nonlinear-optic polymer-based devices , 2002, SPIE OPTO.

[19]  Robert Blum,et al.  High-electric-field poling of nonlinear optical polymers , 1998 .

[20]  Peter Günter,et al.  Electro-optic effects in molecular crystals , 1993 .