Critical Reflections on Information Systems: A Systemic Approach

ION IN SYSTEMS THEORY The agent paradigm in artificial intelligence is based upon the notion of adaptive, autonomous, internally motivated entities interacting in changing environments in which they act. The term intelligent agent has been used to describe a Economic System Legal System Social System Technological System The Sub systems The E-Commerce System (TOTAL System) The Environment (WHOLE System) Intelligent Agents Consumers Businesses ACH Banks Figure 9: The WHOLE system

[1]  Harold A. Linstone,et al.  The Unbounded Mind: Breaking the Chains of Traditional Business Thinking , 1993 .

[2]  JoAnne Yates,et al.  Helping CSCW applications succeed: the role of mediators in the context of use , 1994, CSCW '94.

[3]  Robert Booth Fowler,et al.  The Dance with Community: The Contemporary Debate in American Political Thought , 1991 .

[4]  Gregory M. Rose,et al.  Information technology and organizational learning: a review and assessment of research , 2000 .

[5]  Duncan Sanderson,et al.  The CSCW implementation process: an interpretative model and case study of the implementation of a videoconference system , 1992, CSCW '92.

[6]  D. Sterman,et al.  Misperceptions of Feedback in a Dynamic Decision Making Experiment , 1989 .

[7]  Jac A. M. Vennix,et al.  Group model-building: tackling messy problems , 1999 .

[8]  Clarence A. Ellis,et al.  Groupware: some issues and experiences , 1991, CACM.

[9]  Rudy Hirschheim,et al.  Analysing information systems evaluation: another look at an old problem , 1998 .

[10]  G. Midgley.  Pluralism and the legitimation of systems science , 1992 .

[11]  G. Midgley.  Systemic Intervention: Philosophy, Methodology, and Practice , 2000 .

[12]  Maurice Yolles,et al.  Viable boundary critique , 2001, J. Oper. Res. Soc..

[13]  G. Midgley.  Dealing with coercion: Critical Systems Heuristics and beyond , 1997 .

[14]  S Clarke,et al.  Mixing methodologies for information systems development and strategy: A higher education case study , 2000, J. Oper. Res. Soc..

[15]  Andrew B. Whinston,et al.  Discovery and Representation of Causal Relationships in MIS Research: A Methodological Framework , 1997, MIS Q..

[16]  Rudy Hirschheim,et al.  Symbolism and Information Systems Development: Myth, Metaphor and Magic , 1991, Inf. Syst. Res..

[17]  Ann Taket,et al.  Creative Problem Solving: Total Systems Intervention. , 1991 .

[18]  Christian Sørbye Friis.  A critical evaluation of the Danish national ICT strategy , 1997 .

[19]  D. Morgan,et al.  Sociological Paradigms and Organizational Analysis. , 1983 .

[20]  W. Currie,et al.  The strategic management of a large scale IT project in the financial services sector , 1994 .

[21]  Richard Baskerville,et al.  Growing systems in emergent organizations , 1999, CACM.

[22]  Hans J. Morgenthau,et al.  Truth and Power , 2020, A Brief History of Fascist Lies.

[23]  William Wresch.  Disconnected: Haves and Have-Nots in the Information Age , 1996 .

[24]  W. Gregory,et al.  Critical Facilitation: Learning through Intervention in Group Processes , 2001 .

[25]  Volker Wulf,et al.  A groupware's life , 1999, ECSCW.

[26]  Peter G.W. Keen,et al.  Shaping the Future: Business Design Through Information Technology , 1991 .

[27]  Michael Jackson,et al.  Systems approaches to management , 2002 .

[28]  Nicholas Negroponte,et al.  Being Digital , 1995 .

[29]  M. Reed,et al.  In Praise of Duality and Dualism: Rethinking Agency and Structure in Organizational Analysis , 1997 .

[30]  Lars Mathiassen,et al.  Using Computers in Qualitative Research , 1991 .

[31]  Rudy Hirschheim,et al.  Realizing Emancipatory Principles in Information Systems Development: The Case for ETHICS , 1994, MIS Q..

[32]  J. Oliga.  Methodological foundations of systems methodologies , 1988 .

[33]  R. Bhaskar.  Scientific Realism and Human Emancipation , 1986 .

[34]  Kalle Lyytinen,et al.  Learning failure in information systems development , 1999, Inf. Syst. J..

[35]  J H van Bemmel,et al.  Electronic communication between providers of primary and secondary care. , 1992, BMJ.

[36]  Haridimos Tsoukasl.  Panoptic Reason and the Search for Totality: A Critical Assessment of the Critical Systems Perspective , 1992 .

[37]  Lars Mathiassen,et al.  Interaction and Transformation in SSM , 1996, ECIS.

[38]  H. K. Klein,et al.  Social change and the future of information systems development , 1987 .

[39]  J S Duisterhout,et al.  Communication in health care. , 1995, Methods of information in medicine.

[40]  James Wickham,et al.  Where is Ireland in the Global Information Society , 1997 .

[41]  Jeroen H.A.M. Onstenk,et al.  Human Resources Development and On-the-job Learning , 1995 .

[42]  Terri L. Griffith,et al.  Cognitive Elements in the Implementation of New Technology: Can Less Information Provide More Benefits? , 1996, MIS Q..

[43]  G. Michael McGrath,et al.  A process modelling framework: capturing key aspects of organisational behaviour , 1997, Proceedings of Australian Software Engineering Conference ASWEC 97.

[44]  Andy Bilson,et al.  Guidelines for a constructivist approach: Steps toward the adaptation of ideas from family therapy for use in organizations , 1997 .

[45]  Roy Bhaskar,et al.  Philosophy And The Idea Of Freedom , 1991 .

[46]  M. Jackson,et al.  New Directions in Management Science , 1987 .

[47]  Enid Mumford.  Technology and Freedom: A Socio-Technical Approach , 2000 .

[48]  L. Suchman.  Plans and situated actions , 1987 .

[49]  G Midgley,et al.  The theory and practice of boundary critique: developing housing services for older people , 1998, J. Oper. Res. Soc..

[50]  Robert L. Flood,et al.  Total Systems Intervention (TSI): A Reconstitution , 1995 .

[51]  R. Bhaskar.  A realist theory of science , 1976 .

[52]  Petter Gottschalk,et al.  Implementation predictors of strategic information systems plans , 1999, Inf. Manag..

[53]  Daniel H. Kim.  The Link between individual and organizational learning , 1997 .

[54]  Werner Ulrich,et al.  Critical heuristics of social systems design , 1987 .

[55]  Wanda J. Orlikowski,et al.  CASE Tools as Organizational Change: Investigating Incremental and Radical Changes in Systems Development , 1993, MIS Q..

[56]  Gerald Midgley,et al.  Rethinking Stakeholder Involvement: An Application of the Theories of Autopoiesis and Boundary Critique to IS Planning , 2000 .

[57]  Erling Moxnes.  Not Only the Tragedy of the Commons: Misperceptions of Bioeconomics , 1998 .

[58]  M. Douglas,et al.  Purity and Danger: An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo. , 1967 .

[59]  Sue Holwell,et al.  Information, Systems and Information Systems: Making Sense of the Field , 1998 .

[60]  E. Chepaitis.  Information Ethics across Information Cultures , 1997 .

[61]  John Mingers,et al.  An Idea Ahead of Its Time: The History and Development of Soft Systems Methodology , 2000 .

[62]  Peter Checkland,et al.  Systems Thinking, Systems Practice , 1981 .

[63]  Leslie P. Willcocks,et al.  Evaluating Information Technology investments: research findings and reappraisal , 1992, Inf. Syst. J..

[64]  Klaas Sikkel,et al.  A LEARNING PERSPECTIVE ON GROUPWARE IMPLEMENTATION , 2001 .

[65]  H. Maturana,et al.  The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human Understanding , 2007 .

[66]  Michael Jackson,et al.  Present positions and future prospects in management science , 1987 .

[67]  Anthea Stratigos.  Knowledge management meets future information users , 2001 .

[68]  Eric L. Lesser,et al.  MANAGING CUSTOMER KNOWLEDGE , 2000 .

[69]  D. Robey,et al.  Software stories: three cultural perspectives on the organizational practices of software development , 1999 .

[70]  Ann-Marie K. Baronas,et al.  Restoring a Sense of Control During Implementation: How User Involvement Leads to System Acceptance , 1988, MIS Q..

[71]  Roderick E. White,et al.  An Organizational Learning Framework : From Intuition to Institution Author ( s ) : , 2007 .

[72]  Kjeld Schmidt,et al.  Taking CSCW Seriously: Supporting Articulation Work * , 1992 .

[73]  H. Maturana.  Reality: The Search for Objectivity or the Quest for a Compelling Argument , 1988 .

[74]  Wendy Gregory,et al.  Discordant pluralism: A new strategy for critical systems thinking , 1996 .

[75]  H. Dreyfus,et al.  Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics. , 1985 .

[76]  Lucy A. Suchman,et al.  Making work visible , 1995, CACM.

[77]  C. Churchman.  The systems approach and its enemies , 1979 .

[78]  Catherine E. Volpe,et al.  Defining Competencies and Establishing Team Training Requirements , 1995 .

[79]  Geoff Walsham,et al.  Interpreting Information Systems in Organizations , 1993 .

[80]  Klaas Sikkel,et al.  Cooperative Learning in Groupware Implementation , 2001 .

[81]  Elizabeth More,et al.  A structured approach to conflict prediction in information systems strategy implementation , 1998 .

[82]  Franz Liebl,et al.  The anatomy of complex societal problems and its implications for OR , 2002, J. Oper. Res. Soc..

[83]  Lewis White Beck,et al.  Critique of Practical Reason, and Other Writings in Moral Philosophy , 1949 .

[84]  M. Coleman,et al.  Co-Operative Learning , 1993 .

[85]  John Brazier,et al.  Evaluating Health Services' Effectiveness , 1992 .

[86]  Trisha Greenhalgh.  Patients not paper? , 1998, BMJ.

[87]  Richard Baskerville,et al.  Amethodical systems development: the deferred meaning of systems development methods , 2000 .

[88]  Olga Volkoff,et al.  Using the Structurational Model of Technology to Analyze an ERP Implementation , 1999 .

[89]  C. Silver.  WHERE TECHNOLOGY AND KNOWLEDGE MEET , 2000 .

[90]  Michael D. Myers,et al.  Hidden agendas, power and managerial assumptions in information systems development: An ethnographic study , 1997, Inf. Technol. People.

[91]  Arie P. de Geus,et al.  The Living Company , 1997 .

[92]  Robert Y. Cavana,et al.  Systems Thinking and Modelling: Understanding Change and Complexity , 2001 .

[93]  Raymond T. Yeh,et al.  Modern Software Engineering: Foundations and Current Perspectives , 1989 .

[94]  Tora K. Bikson,et al.  Groupware implementation: reinvention in the sociotechnical frame , 1996, CSCW '96.

[95]  Brian Fitzgerald,et al.  Introducing executive information systems into organizations: separating fact from fallacy , 1994, J. Inf. Technol..

[96]  Kjeld Schmidt,et al.  CSCW: Four Characters in Search of a Context , 1989, ECSCW.

[97]  Wanda J. Orlikowski,et al.  Learning from Notes: organizational issues in groupware implementation , 1992, CSCW '92.

[98]  José-Rodrigo Córdoba-Pachon.  A critical systems thinking approach for the planning of information technology in the information society , 2001 .

[99]  Gerardine DeSanctis,et al.  Capturing the Complexity in Advanced Technology Use: Adaptive Structuration Theory , 1994 .

[100]  R. Lipshitz,et al.  Organizational Learning , 2000 .

[101]  Werner Ulrich,et al.  Can We Secure Future-Responsive Management Through Systems Thinking and Design? , 1994 .

[102]  John Holt,et al.  Critical Systems Thinking: Directed Readings , 1992 .

[103]  Bruce Campbell.  System Dynamics in Information Systems Analysis: An Evaluation Case Study , 2000 .

[104]  George P. Richardson,et al.  Problems with causal‐loop diagrams , 1986 .

[105]  Ann Taket,et al.  Diversity Management: Triple Loop Learning , 1996, J. Oper. Res. Soc..

[106]  Susan Gasson,et al.  The Nature and Processes of IT-Related Change , 1996 .

[107]  Wendy Gregory,et al.  Transforming Self and Society: A "Critical Appreciation" Model , 2000 .

[108]  Gerald Midgley,et al.  Developing the methodology of TSI: From the oblique use of methods to creative design , 1997 .

[109]  Duane P. Truex.  Three Issues Concerning Relevance in IS Research: Epistemology, Audience, and Method , 2001, Commun. Assoc. Inf. Syst..

[110]  J. Mingers,et al.  Self-Producing Systems: Implications and Applications of Autopoiesis , 1996 .

[111]  Kit Grindley,et al.  Information systems issues facing senior executives: the culture gap , 1992, J. Strateg. Inf. Syst..

[112]  George P. Richardson.  Introduction to System Dynamics Modeling , 1981 .

[113]  Tom DeMarco,et al.  Controlling Software Projects: Management, Measurement, and Estimates , 1986 .

[114]  R. Flood,et al.  Critical systems thinking : current research and practice , 1996 .

[115]  Alan Boyd,et al.  Home and Away: Developing Services with Young People Missing from Home or Care , 1999 .

[116]  Jesse Dillard,et al.  Technocracy and management control systems , 1993 .

[117]  Bill Curtis,et al.  A field study of the software design process for large systems , 1988, CACM.

[118]  Wendy Gregory,et al.  Critical systems thinking and pluralism : a new constellation , 1992 .

[119]  Simon Peck,et al.  Group Model Building: Facilitating Team Learning Using System Dynamics , 1996, J. Oper. Res. Soc..

[120]  Roger Adams,et al.  The urban practitioner and participation in research within a streetwork context , 2003 .

[121]  Gerald Midgley,et al.  Creating Employment Opportunities for People with Mental Health Problems: A Feasibility Study for New Initiatives , 1995 .

[122]  Zhichang Zhu,et al.  Towards user-friendly OR: a Chinese experience , 2002, J. Oper. Res. Soc..

[123]  Michael J. Ginzberg,et al.  Early Diagnosis of MIS Implementation Failure: Promising Results and Unanswered Questions , 1981 .

[124]  E. Leach.  Culture and communication: the logic by which symbols are connected , 1977 .

[125]  I. Craib.  Modern Social Theory: From Parsons to Habermas , 1985 .

[126]  Wanda J. Orlikowski,et al.  Technology and Institutions: What Can Research on Information Technology and Research on Organizations Learn from Each Other? , 2001, MIS Q..

[127]  A. Edmondson.  Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams , 1999 .

[128]  John Mingers,et al.  The contribution of critical realism as an underpinning philosophy for OR/MS and systems , 2000, J. Oper. Res. Soc..

[129]  V. J. Symons,et al.  A review of information systems evaluation: content, context and process , 1991 .

[130]  Michael Jackson,et al.  Towards a System of Systems Methodologies , 1984 .

[131]  Shoshana Zuboff.  In the Age of the Smart Machine , 1988 .

[132]  Ken Bowen,et al.  Operational Research and Systems: The Systemic Nature of Operational Research , 2013 .

[133]  C. West Churchman,et al.  The Systems Approach , 1979 .

[134]  Batya Friedman,et al.  Educating computer scientists: linking the social and the technical , 1994, CACM.

[135]  John D. Sterman,et al.  System Dynamics: Systems Thinking and Modeling for a Complex World , 2002 .

[136]  Mike Robinson,et al.  Double-level languages and co-operative working , 2005, AI & SOCIETY.

[137]  Jay F. Nunamaker,et al.  Electronic meeting systems , 1991, CACM.

[138]  Warren Breed,et al.  The Press and Foreign Policy. , 1964 .

[139]  John Mingers,et al.  Critical Heuristics of Social Planning: A New Approach to Practical Philosophy , 1983 .

[140]  G. Kreweras.  Creating the corporate future: Russell L. ACKOFF Wiley, New York, 1981, xi + 297 pages, £10.85 , 1982 .

[141]  J. Ward,et al.  Strategic Planning for Information Systems , 1990 .

[142]  G. Midgley,et al.  Unfolding a Theory of Systemic Intervention , 2001 .

[143]  C. D. Wrigley,et al.  Electronic Data Interchange , 2002, Encyclopedia of Information Systems.

[144]  Peter Checkland,et al.  Soft Systems Methodology in Action , 1990 .

[145]  Ali F. Farhoomand,et al.  Factors influencing electronic data interchange success , 1996, DATB.

[146]  Y. Maru,et al.  Enhancing Emancipatory Systems Methodologies for Sustainable Development , 2001 .

[147]  W. Ulrich.  Some difficulties of ecological thinking, considered from a critical systems perspective: A plea for critical holism , 1993 .

[148]  C. Churchman,et al.  Challenge to Reason , 1968 .

[149]  Brian Wilson,et al.  Systems: Concepts, Methodologies, and Applications , 1990 .

[150]  Trevor Wood-Harper,et al.  Multiview - An Exploration in Information Systems Development , 1986, Aust. Comput. J..

[151]  J. Searle.  The Construction of Social Reality , 1997 .

[152]  Paul H. J. Hendriks,et al.  Why share knowledge? The influence of ICT on the motivation for knowledge sharing , 1999 .

[153]  Néstor Valero-Silva.  Towards a critique of Critical Systems Thinking within a foucauldian framework: A “demystification process” or an “instrumental use” of Critical Theory , 1996 .

[154]  Kailash Joshi,et al.  A Model of Users' Perspective on Change: The Case of Information Systems Technology Implementation , 1991, MIS Q..

[155]  Michael Newman,et al.  Information system design, stress and organisational change in the ambulance services: A tale of two cities , 1996 .

[156]  Richard T. Vidgen,et al.  Stakeholders, soft systems and technology: separation and mediation in the analysis of information system requirements , 1997, Inf. Syst. J..

[157]  Patrick McDermott,et al.  Workflow Modeling: Tools for Process Improvement and Application Development , 2001 .

[158]  Gerald Midgley,et al.  What Is This Thing Called CRITICAL Systems Thinking , 1995 .

[159]  Volker Wulf,et al.  Changing interpersonal communication through groupware use , 1999, Behav. Inf. Technol..

[160]  Alvaro H. Galvis Panqueva,et al.  EDUCACION PARA EL SIGLO XXI APOYADA EN AMBIENTES EDUCATIVOS INTERACTIVOS, LÚDICOS, CREATIVOS Y COLABORATIVOS , 1998 .

[161]  Albert L. Lederer,et al.  Toward a theory of strategic information systems planning , 1996, J. Strateg. Inf. Syst..

[162]  M. Archer,et al.  Realist Social Theory: The Morphogenetic Approach , 1997 .

[163]  David Bell.  The Art of Judgement , 1987 .

[164]  C. Churchman.  Operations Research as a Profession , 1970 .

[165]  K. Klein,et al.  The Challenge of Innovation Implementation , 1996 .

[166]  Michael Jackson,et al.  Systems methodology for the management sciences , 1992 .

[167]  Iain Munro,et al.  Man–Machine Systems: People and Technology in OR , 1999 .

[168]  Claudio Ciborra,et al.  Improvisation and Information Technology in Organizations , 1996, ICIS.

[169]  George P. Richardson,et al.  Group model building: adding more science to the craft , 1997 .

[170]  John Mingers,et al.  Towards Critical Pluralism , 1997 .

[171]  Gerry Stahl,et al.  Contributions to a theoretical framework for CSCL , 2002, CSCL.

[172]  S. Cummings,et al.  Foucault Plays Habermas: An Alternative Philosophical Underpinning for Critical Systems Thinking , 1996 .

[173]  Michael J. Ginzberg,et al.  Steps Towards More Effective Implementation of MS and MIS , 1978 .

[174]  Gerald Midgley,et al.  The sacred and profane in critical systems thinking , 1992 .

[175]  Peter J. Denning,et al.  Computing as a discipline , 1989, Computer.

[176]  S. Ghoneim,et al.  Drivers and barriers to adopting EDI: a sector analysis of UK industry , 1996 .

[177]  Peter J. Denning,et al.  Educating a new engineer , 1992, CACM.

[178]  G. McGrath,et al.  An Implementation of a Data-Centered Information Systems Strategy: A Power/Political Perspective , 1997 .

[179]  Peter Checkland,et al.  Information, Systems, And Information Systems , 1997 .

[180]  David E. Avison,et al.  The fiction of methodological development: a field study of information systems development , 1999, Inf. Technol. People.

[181]  John D. Sterman,et al.  Learning in and about complex systems , 1994 .

[182]  Mark Smith.  Social science in question , 1998 .

[183]  Peter Senker,et al.  Technological change and the future of work , 1992 .

[184]  L Bergvin,et al.  Distribution of laboratory test results to primary health care centres with the EDIFACT standard. , 1993, Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.

[185]  George P. Richardson,et al.  Teamwork in group model building , 1995 .

[186]  P. Keys.  A methodology for methodology choice , 1988 .

[187]  Ilkka Tuomi.  Data is more than knowledge: implications of the reversed knowledge hierarchy for knowledge management and organizational memory , 1999 .

[188]  Peter Checkland,et al.  O.R. and the Systems Movement: Mappings and Conflicts , 1983 .

[189]  D. Mankin,et al.  Teams and technology: Tensions in participatory design , 1997 .

[190]  Joanne Roberts.  From Know-how to Show-how? Questioning the Role of Information and Communication Technologies in Knowledge Transfer , 2000 .

[191]  Paul C. Nutt,et al.  Tactics of Implementation , 1986 .

[192]  E. Jantsch.  The design of inquiring systems,: by C. West Churchman New York, Basic Books, 1972. , 1972 .

[193]  Wanda J. Orlikowski,et al.  Evolving the notes: organizational change around groupware technology , 1997 .

[194]  Henry C. Lucas,et al.  Implementation: The Key to Successful Information Systems , 1981 .

[195]  Richard W. Scamell,et al.  Acceptance of groupware: The relationships among use, satisfaction, and outcomes , 1996, J. Organ. Comput. Electron. Commer..

[196]  J. R. G. Wood,et al.  How we profess: the ethical systems analyst , 1996, CACM.

[197]  J. Bohman,et al.  Critical social science , 1987 .

[198]  M. Hammer,et al.  REENGINEERING THE CORPORATION: A MANIFESTO FOR BUSINESS REVOLUTION , 1995 .

[199]  Hubertus Johannes Maria Ruel,et al.  The non-technical side of office technology: managing the clarity of the spirit and the appropriation of office technology , 2002 .

[200]  Nancy M. Dixon,et al.  The Organizational Learning Cycle , 1999 .

[201]  Michael Jackson,et al.  Beyond a System of Systems Methodologies , 1990 .

[202]  Rudy Hirschheim,et al.  Paradigmatic Influences on Information Systems Development Methodologies: Evolution and Conceptual Advances , 1992, Adv. Comput..

[203]  W. Ulrich.  Systems thinking, systems practice, and practical philosophy: A program of research , 1988 .

[204]  Michael Floyd,et al.  Information technology training for people with disabilities , 1996 .

[205]  Michael Jackson.  Towards coherent pluralism in management science , 1999, J. Oper. Res. Soc..

[206]  M. Lynne Markus,et al.  Power, politics, and MIS implementation , 1987, CACM.

[207]  M. A. Emmelhainz.  Electronic data interchange: A total management guide , 1990 .

[208]  V. Druskat,et al.  Learning versus Performance in Short-Term Project Teams , 2000 .

[209]  Robert L. Flood.  Liberating Systems Theory , 1990 .