Using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to evaluate service performance of a travel intermediary

This study applies a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to evaluate service performance of a foreign travel intermediary (destination tour operator, DTO) through the host travel agency's vision. Service performance is a composite of various attributes, including many intangible attributes difficult to measure. Therefore, the present research adopts an AHP method and further integrates a fuzzy set theory into the service performance measurement to overcome the problem. This work collected evaluation criteria from 36 senior travel managers’ opinions, using the critical incident technique, and 56 general managers from different travel agencies to weight and rank the overall criteria by applying fuzzy AHP. Research results could help DTOs increase service performance and quality, and provide Asian travel agencies with objective standards to evaluate the most suitable business cooperators.

[1]  M. Bohanec,et al.  The Analytic Hierarchy Process , 2004 .

[2]  Thomas L. Saaty,et al.  Decision making with dependence and feedback : the analytic network process : the organization and prioritization of complexity , 1996 .

[3]  Lesley Johnson,et al.  An Application of the Critical Incident Technique in Gaming Research , 2002 .

[4]  Mary Jo Bitner,et al.  The Service Encounter: Diagnosing Favorable and Unfavorable Incidents: , 1990 .

[5]  Gary P. Latham,et al.  The reliability and validity of the critical incident technique: A closer look. , 1974 .

[6]  Bo K. Wong,et al.  Group decision making in a multiple criteria environment: A case using the AHP in software selection , 2002, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[7]  D. Pearce,et al.  Tourism Distribution Channels: The Visitors’ Perspective , 2005 .

[8]  Janet Chang,et al.  Trends in outbound group package tours in China and Taiwan: A marketing mix perspective , 2007 .

[9]  Brian King,et al.  Travel industry structure in fast growing but immature outbound markets: the case of Korea to Australia travel , 1999 .

[10]  Vilém Novák,et al.  Fuzzy Set , 2009, Encyclopedia of Database Systems.

[11]  D. Chang Applications of the extent analysis method on fuzzy AHP , 1996 .

[12]  Y. Reisinger,et al.  Cultural Differences between Asian Tourist Markets and Australian Hosts, Part 1 , 2002 .

[13]  Kuen-Suan Chen,et al.  Service quality evaluation by service quality performance matrix , 2003 .

[14]  D. Yamamoto,et al.  Emerging Trends in Japanese Package Tourism , 1999 .

[15]  Gwen Dianne Reimer,et al.  Packaging dreams: Canadian tour operators at work , 1990 .

[16]  R. Dumazel,et al.  Travel agent monitoring and management , 1999 .

[17]  Susan M. Keaveney,et al.  Customer Switching Behavior in Service Industries: An Exploratory Study , 1995 .

[18]  Shelby D. Hunt,et al.  Marketing Theory: The Philosophy Of Marketing Science , 1983 .

[19]  Hanquin Q. Zhang,et al.  Application of importance-performance model in tour guides’ performance: evidence from mainland Chinese outbound visitors in Hong Kong , 2004 .

[20]  R. J. Callan,et al.  The critical incident technique in hospitality research: an illustration from the UK lodge sector , 1998 .

[21]  Kuo-Ching Wang,et al.  GPTCCC: An instrument for measuring group package tour service , 2007 .

[22]  Mary Jo Bitner,et al.  Critical Service Encounters: The Employee's Viewpoint , 1994 .

[23]  Bing Jiang,et al.  The development of intelligent decision support tools to aid the design of flexible manufacturing systems , 2000 .

[24]  Gary P. Latham,et al.  Do people do what they say? Further studies on the situational interview. , 1984 .

[25]  Patrick T.I. Lam,et al.  Travel agents as facilitators or inhibitors of travel: perceptions of people with disabilities. , 2003 .

[26]  Juan Manuel Campos Benítez,et al.  Using fuzzy number for measuring quality of service in the hotel industry , 2007 .

[27]  R. Weber Basic Content Analysis , 1986 .

[28]  Roger March,et al.  Diversity in Asian outbound travel industries: a comparison between Indonesia, Thailand, Taiwan, South Korea and Japan. , 1997 .

[29]  W. Pedrycz,et al.  A fuzzy extension of Saaty's priority theory , 1983 .

[30]  T. Lam,et al.  Service quality of travel agents: the case of travel agents in Hong Kong , 1999 .

[31]  Brace R. Prideaux,et al.  Korean outbound tourism: Australia's response. , 1997 .

[32]  Lawrence J. Truitt,et al.  Evaluating Small Travel Agency Productivity , 1993 .

[33]  Pauline J. Sheldon,et al.  The tour operator industry: An analysis , 1986 .

[34]  Chin-Tsai Lin,et al.  Selecting a marketing strategy for private hotels in Taiwan using the analytic hierarchy process , 2008 .

[35]  Dimitrios Buhalis,et al.  The perception of small and medium sized tourism accommodation providers on the impacts of the tour operators’ power in Eastern Mediterranean , 2004 .

[36]  Victor B. Kreng,et al.  Evaluation of knowledge portal development tools using a fuzzy AHP approach: The case of Taiwanese stone industry , 2007, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[37]  Duane Davis,et al.  Business research for decision making , 1985 .

[38]  Kuo-Ching Wang,et al.  Is the tour leader an effective endorser for group package tour brochures , 2002 .

[39]  T. Iverson,et al.  Decision timing: a comparison of Korean and Japanese travelers , 1997 .

[40]  William C. Gartner,et al.  Tour operators' role in the tourism distribution system: an Indonesian case study. , 1994 .

[41]  Da Ruan,et al.  Fuzzy group decision-making for facility location selection , 2003, Inf. Sci..

[42]  J. C. Flanagan Psychological Bulletin THE CRITICAL INCIDENT TECHNIQUE , 2022 .

[43]  Kuo-Ching Wang,et al.  Critical service features in group package tour: An exploratory research , 2000 .

[44]  Mao-Jiun J. Wang,et al.  Ranking fuzzy numbers with integral value , 1992 .

[45]  Chin-Tsai Lin,et al.  Integrated environmental assessment of the location selection with fuzzy analytical network process , 2009 .

[46]  Roger March,et al.  The Japanese Travel Life Cycle , 2000, Japanese Tourists: Socio-Economic, Marketing and Psychological Analysis.

[47]  Juan Manuel García-Falcón,et al.  Understanding European tour operators' control on accommodation companies: an empirical evidence , 2003 .

[48]  Pauline J. Sheldon,et al.  The Sleeping Dragon Awakes:: The Outbound Chinese Travel Market , 1996 .