Immunostimulatory effect and disease resistance induced by Lawsonia inermis against Aphanomyces invadans in striped murrels ( Channa striatus )

Aphanomyces invadans, the main causative agent for Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) causes series damage to freshwater fishes particularly striped murrels (Channa striatus). The present study determined the effect of methanolic soluble fractions of Lawsonia inermis on hematology and immune response in C. striatus. The extracts of L. inermis were administrated to A. invadans infected C. striatus, after 1, 2 to 4 weeks of infection. Red blood cells (RBC) significantly increased in murrels with L. inermis soluble fractions. White blood cells (WBC), haematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb) significantly increased compared to Control (untreated). However, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) significantly decreased. The serum lysozyme activity was significantly enhanced in 60 mg/kg methanolic soluble fractions administrations groups on weeks 2 and 4. All the soluble fractions exhibited inhibitory zone than antibiotic Ampicillin against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Organic solvent extract from Methanol soluble fraction showed high inhibition zone. The Hemolytic activity increased with methanolic soluble fractions. Histological observations illustrated a gradual repair of damaged muscles necrosis, macrophage infiltration, fibrosis and mycotic granulomas caused by A. invadans, when treated with L. inermis. The present results indicate that L.inermis soluble fraction at 60 mg/kg levels significantly enhance the immunological and histological parameters, and enhance the innate immune system in murrels C. striatus against A. invadans.

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