Hydraulic Fracture Propagation in a Naturally Fractured Reservoir

This paper (SPE 128715) was accepted for presentation at the SPE Oil and Gas India Conference and Exhibition, Mumbai, India, 20–22 January 2010, and revised for publication. Original manuscript received 17 February 2010. Revised manuscript received 20 July 2010. Paper peer approved 17 August 2010. Summary We present the results of numerical modeling that quantify the physical mechanisms of mechanical activation of a natural fault because of contact with a pressurized hydraulic fracture (HF). We focus on three stages of interactions: HF approaching, contact, and subsequent infiltration of the fault. Fracture interaction at the contact is shown to depend on four dimensionless parameters: net pressure in the HF, in-situ differential stress, relative angle between the natural fault and the HF, and friction angle of the natural fault. A numerical model based on the displacement discontinuity method (DDM) allowing for fracture closure and Mohr-Coulomb friction was used to calculate the displacements and stresses along the natural fracture as a result of the interaction with the pressurized HF. The analysis of the total stress state along the fault during the HF coalescence stage makes it possible to define a criterion for reinitiation of a secondary tensile crack from the natural fault. We show that the most probable location for tensile-crack initiation is the end of the open zone of the fault where the highest tension peak is generated by the HF contact. In our numerical analysis, we study the magnitude of maximum tensile stress and its position along the fault for a wide range of key dimensionless parameters. Given real reservoir properties, these measurements can be used to detect the possible fracturing scenarios in naturally fractured reservoirs. Using simplified uncoupled modeling of fluid penetration into the fault after the contact with the HF, we demonstrate that either an increase or a decrease of the tensile stress at the opposite side of the fault can be realized depending on the ratio of increments of net pressure and the fluid front as it penetrates the natural fault.