Wide-bandwidth high-sensitivity magnetoelectric effect of magnetostrictive/piezoelectric composites under adjustable bias voltage

Abstract This paper presents a wide-bandwidth high-sensitivity magnetostrictive/piezoelectric magnetoelectric (ME) composite (PZT-5/Terfenol-D/PZT-8). The resonant frequencies of the ME laminate structure can be adjusted by modulating the bias voltage across PZT-5 layer. Model and methods for the resonant ME effects in laminate composites under adjustable bias voltages are presented. The relationships between the control voltage, the strain, the Young's modulus, the first-order resonant frequencies and the resonant ME coefficient are analyzed. Theoretical analyses show that the first-order resonant frequencies of the laminate structure are almost a linear function of the applied dc bias voltage at a small strain. The ME coefficient is hardly related to the control voltage. The experimental results are in good agreement with the analytical results. For a control voltage of ±170 V, the first-order resonant frequencies can be linearly adjusted. The adjusted maximum of the resonant frequency is 1 kHz. The ratio of the adjusted value to the bias control voltage is 2.94 Hz/V. For the larger control voltage (such as ±350 V), the wider adjusted resonant frequency (over 2 kHz or 1.73%) can be obtained. Thus, the ME composite with a high sensitivity and a wide frequency bandwidth can be used in ME transducer and energy harvesting.

[1]  Ping Li,et al.  Enhanced magnetoelectric effects in composite of piezoelectric ceramics, rare-earth iron alloys, and ultrasonic horn , 2007 .

[2]  I. Osaretin,et al.  Theoretical model for the magnetoelectric effect in magnetostrictive/piezoelectric composites , 2010 .

[3]  H. Chan,et al.  Giant resonance frequency tunable magnetoelectric effect in a device of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 drum transducer, NdFeB magnet, and Fe-core solenoid , 2010 .

[4]  Structural and magnetoelectric properties of MFe2O4–PZT (M = Ni,Co) and Lax(Ca,Sr)1-xMnO3–PZT multilayer composites , 2003, cond-mat/0307309.

[5]  Dwight D. Viehland,et al.  Fe–Ga/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 magnetoelectric laminate composites , 2005 .

[6]  Shuxiang Dong,et al.  Longitudinal and transverse magnetoelectric voltage coefficients of magnetostrictive/piezoelectric laminate composite: theory , 2003, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control.

[7]  G. Rahman,et al.  A First-principles Study on Magnetism of Al Impurity in bcc Fe , 2011 .

[8]  S. Dong,et al.  Small dc magnetic field response of magnetoelectric laminate composites , 2006 .

[9]  S. Dong,et al.  Enhanced magnetoelectric effects in laminate composites of Terfenol-D/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 under resonant drive , 2003 .

[10]  David Jiles,et al.  A self consistent generalized model for the calculation of minor loop excursions in the theory of hysteresis , 1992, 1992. Digests of Intermag. International Magnetics Conference.

[11]  Peng Liu,et al.  Magnetoelectric characteristics around resonance frequency under magnetic field in Pb(Zr, Ti)O3/Terfenol-D laminate composite , 2010 .

[12]  Ping Li,et al.  Resonant magnetoelectric response of magnetostrictive/piezoelectric laminate composite in consideration of losses , 2008 .

[13]  C. Nan,et al.  Recent Progress in Multiferroic Magnetoelectric Composites: from Bulk to Thin Films , 2011, Advanced materials.

[14]  Xiaojing Zheng,et al.  A nonlinear constitutive model for Terfenol-D rods , 2005 .

[15]  Yuanhua Lin,et al.  Magnetoelectric resonance behavior of simple bilayered Pb(Zr,Ti)O3–(Tb,Dy)Fe2∕epoxy composites , 2007 .

[16]  Christian J. Long,et al.  Energy harvesting properties of all-thin-film multiferroic cantilevers , 2011 .

[17]  H. Chan,et al.  Magnetoelectric effect from mechanically mediated torsional magnetic force effect in NdFeB magnets and shear piezoelectric effect in 0.7Pb(Mg1∕3Nb2∕3)O3–0.3PbTiO3 single crystal , 2008 .

[18]  J. Wan,et al.  Magnetoelectric resonance-bandwidth broadening of Terfenol-D/epoxy-Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 bilayers in parallel and series connections , 2005 .

[19]  Wen Yumei,et al.  Analysis of magneto-mechano-electronic coupling factors in magnetostrictive/piezoelectric laminated composite , 2009 .

[20]  G. Sreenivasulu,et al.  Shifting the operating frequency of magnetoelectric sensors , 2012 .

[21]  Ping Li,et al.  A High-sensitivity Passive Magnetic Transducer Based on PZT Plates and a Fe-Ni Fork Substrate , 2011 .

[22]  S. Lofland,et al.  Enhanced resonant magnetoelectric coupling in frequency-tunable composite multiferroic bimorph structures , 2011 .

[23]  On-Line Computer Analysis and Control of Experiments , 1969 .

[24]  Y. Wen,et al.  High sensitivity magnetic sensor consisting of ferromagnetic alloy, piezoelectric ceramic and high-permeability FeCuNbSiB , 2011 .

[25]  Ping Li,et al.  A Magnetoelectric Composite Energy Harvester and Power Management Circuit , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[26]  Wangping Wu,et al.  Tunable resonance frequency of magnetoelectric layered composites , 2011 .

[27]  Guole Wang,et al.  Strong flexural resonant magnetoelectric effect in Terfenol-D/epoxy-Pb(Zr,Ti)O-3 bilayer , 2005 .

[28]  P. Liu,et al.  Inhomogeneous magnetoelectric coupling in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3/Terfenol-D laminate composite , 2008 .

[29]  N. Venkataramani,et al.  Hysteresis and remanence in magnetoelectric effects in functionally graded magnetostrictive-piezoelectric layered composites , 2012 .

[30]  Ping Li,et al.  A magnetoelectric energy harvester and management circuit for wireless sensor network , 2010 .

[31]  S. Dong,et al.  Detection of pico-Tesla magnetic fields using magneto-electric sensors at room temperature , 2006 .

[32]  A. V. Carazo,et al.  Magnetoelectric Properties in Piezoelectric and Magnetostrictive Laminate Composites , 2001 .

[33]  G. Srinivasan,et al.  Magnetoelectric effects in ferrite-lead zirconate titanate layered composites: The influence of zinc substitution in ferrites , 2003 .

[34]  S. Dong,et al.  Characterization of magnetoelectric laminate composites operated in longitudinal-transverse and transverse–transverse modes , 2004 .

[35]  S. Or,et al.  Enhanced magnetoelectric effect in Terfenol-D and flextensional cymbal laminates , 2006 .

[36]  Wen Yumei,et al.  Influence of bias magnetic field on magnetoelectric effect of magnetostrictive/elastic/piezoelectric laminated composite , 2008 .