Assays of three carcinogen/non‐carcinogen chemical pairs for in vivo induction of chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges and micronuclei

Three pairs of structurally similar carcinogenic/ non‐carcinogenic chemicals were tested for in vivo genotoxic activity in B6C3F1 mice. The carcinogenic/non‐carcinogenic pairs, respectively, were o‐toluidine hydrochloride/o‐anthranilic acid, 4‐chloro‐o‐phenylenediamine/4‐nitro‐o‐phenylenediamine, and 3‐(chloromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride/2‐(chloromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride. Bone marrow cells from mice given intraperitoneal injections of up to the maximum tolerated dose were evaluated for chromosomal aberration, sister chromatid exchange, and micronucleus induction, o‐anthranilic acid and o‐toluidine hydrochloride did not increase the frequency of chromosomal aberrations or micronuclei. o‐Toluidine hydrochloride increased the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges in two successive trials, while o‐anthranilic acid had a positive effect on sister chromatid exchanges in two of three trials. Both 2‐(chloromethyl) and 3‐(chloromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride were negative for all three endpoints. Assays for chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei each distinguished between 4‐chloro‐o‐phenylenedi‐amine and its non‐carcinogenic companion, 4‐nitro‐o‐phenylenediamine. In the aberration test, 4‐chloro‐o‐phenylenediamine produced a few cells with very large numbers of aberrations rather than an even distribution of damage among cells.

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