Optical properties and functions of dilute magnetic semiconductors

The magneto-optical effect in dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) is directly related to the interaction between the d electrons of the transition metal ions and the s, p electrons of the host semiconductor. We show the advantages of the magneto-optical effect of DMSs as regards fabricating magneto-optical waveguide devices that can be integrated with other semiconductor optical devices. We also discuss the advantages of magneto-optical spectroscopy for characterizing DMSs. Intrinsic ferromagnetism of In1−xMnxAs, Ga1−xMnxAs and Zn1−xCrxTe is confirmed by using magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy. The MCD analyses also show that Zn1−xTMxO (TM = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni or Cu), Ga1−xMnxN and Ga1−xCrxAs are paramagnetic DMSs with the s, p–d exchange interaction. Ferromagnetic behaviours observed in some transition metal doped ZnO, GaN and GaAs samples are attributed to unidentified precipitations not detectable by means of x-ray diffraction analysis.

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