Whole tree transportation system for timber processing depots

The growing demand for alternative energy has led those who are interested in producing sustainable energy from renewable timber to devise new concepts to satisfy those demands. The concept of timber processing depots, where whole stem trees will be delivered for future processing into wood products and high quality energy fuel, has led to the re-evaluation of our current timber transportation method and whether it can viably transport unprocessed trees in an efficient, legal and safe manner. Modifications for log trailers will be developed to accommodate tree length, unprocessed southern yellow pine. Consideration of criteria such as modification weight, load force analysis, ease of attachment and detachment, and overall feasibility will determine which of the two trailer modification designs will be chosen for payload capacity utilization testing. The first design is a swinging guide design and the second is an extendable bolster design. These designs ensure that tree crowns are contained within the trailer to prevent contact with and damage to other vehicles while in transport. Furthermore, three different loading arrangements will be tested on the modified trailer to determine which configuration maximizes the payload while remaining legal to transport timber according to the laws and regulations of 11 states in the southeastern United States. These payload capacity utilization rates will be compared to the rate of an unmodified log trailer loaded with tree length, unprocessed southern yellow pine. We hypothesize that the modified trailer with a standard loading configuration will optimize and increase the payload over the unmodified trailer.

[1]  Ralph E.H. Sims,et al.  Carbon emission and mitigation cost comparisons between fossil fuel, nuclear and renewable energy resources for electricity generation , 2003 .

[2]  D. Zafirakis,et al.  The wind energy (r)evolution: A short review of a long history , 2011 .

[3]  G. Marland,et al.  The role of forest and bioenergy strategies in the global carbon cycle , 1996 .

[4]  B. Rummer,et al.  Harvesting understory biomass with a baler , 2010 .

[5]  D. Dickmann Silviculture and biology of short-rotation woody crops in temperate regions: then and now. , 2006 .

[6]  T. Beringer,et al.  The global technical potential of bio-energy in 2050 considering sustainability constraints , 2010, Current opinion in environmental sustainability.

[7]  K. Radics,et al.  Estimating and modelling the wind resource of Hungary , 2008 .

[8]  Ximing Cai,et al.  Land availability for biofuel production. , 2011, Environmental science & technology.

[9]  Gerald W. Huttrer,et al.  The status of world geothermal power generation 1995-2000 , 2001 .

[10]  D. Geist,et al.  Impacts of the Columbia River Hydroelectric System on Main‐Stem Habitats of Fall Chinook Salmon , 2003 .

[11]  Dana Mitchell Bundling Logging Residues with a Modified John Deere B-380 Slash Bundler , 2011 .

[12]  T. H. Burkhardt,et al.  Densifying forest biomass into large round bales , 1984 .

[13]  Peter McKendry,et al.  Energy production from biomass (Part 1): Overview of biomass. , 2002, Bioresource technology.

[14]  A. Demirbas,et al.  Biomass resource facilities and biomass conversion processing for fuels and chemicals , 2001 .

[15]  Matthew H. Langholtz,et al.  2016 Billion-ton report: Advancing domestic resources for a thriving bioeconomy, Volume 1: Economic availability of feedstock , 2016 .

[16]  P. M. Pelagagge,et al.  Economics of biomass energy utilization in combustion and gasification plants: effects of logistic variables , 2005 .

[17]  Jason D. Thompson,et al.  Loading productivity of untrimmed and trimmed pulpwood , 2015 .

[18]  G. Tuskan Short-rotation woody crop supply systems in the United States: what do we know and what do we need to know? , 1998 .

[19]  Weiping Song,et al.  Bioenergy and biofuels: History, status, and perspective , 2015 .

[20]  Bryce J. Stokes,et al.  Wood recovery with in-woods flailing and chipping , 1990 .

[21]  L. Wright Production technology status of woody and herbaceous crops , 1994 .

[22]  P. Savoie,et al.  Evaluation of two round baling systems for harvesting understory biomass , 2011 .

[23]  Shahid Abbas Abbasi,et al.  The likely adverse environmental impacts of renewable energy sources , 2000 .

[24]  T. Beringer,et al.  Bioenergy production potential of global biomass plantations under environmental and agricultural constraints , 2011 .

[25]  Tapio Ranta,et al.  The profitability of transporting uncomminuted raw materials in Finland , 2006 .

[26]  Bryce J. Stokes,et al.  The transportation of fuelwood from forest to facility , 1995 .

[27]  Bryce J. Stokes,et al.  Biomass as Feedstock for A Bioenergy and Bioproducts Industry: The Technical Feasibility of a Billion-Ton Annual Supply , 2005 .

[28]  Juha Nurmi,et al.  Recovery of logging residues for energy from spruce (Pices abies) dominated stands , 2007 .

[29]  D. Andrew Scott,et al.  Dual-cropping loblolly pine for biomass energy and conventional wood products. , 2008 .

[30]  N. Panwar,et al.  Role of renewable energy sources in environmental protection: A review , 2011 .

[31]  I. Dincer Renewable energy and sustainable development: a crucial review , 2000 .

[32]  P. Stroeve,et al.  Innovation in concentrated solar power , 2011 .

[33]  Dm Rosenberg,et al.  Environmental and social impacts of large scale hydroelectric development: who is listening? , 1995 .

[34]  Jason D. Thompson,et al.  Advantages and disadvantages of untrimmed wood in the supply chain , 2014 .

[35]  J. Mason,et al.  The technical, geographical, and economic feasibility for solar energy to supply the energy needs of the US , 2009 .

[36]  A. H. Smith,et al.  Provenance of Coals from Roman Sites in England and Wales , 1997, Britannia.

[37]  Christopher S. Galik,et al.  Forest biomass supply in the southeastern United States - implications for industrial roundwood and bioenergy production. , 2009 .

[38]  T. Muneer,et al.  Energy supply, its demand and security issues for developed and emerging economies , 2007 .