Effect of temperature on polarization switching in long-wavelength VCSELs

We have measured the effect of the temperature on the polarization-resolved characteristics of a 1550-nm singletransverse mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). Two double polarization switchings (PS) are observed. For low temperatures a PS from longer to shorter wavelengths (Type II PS) followed by the opposite PS (Type I) is observed. For higher temperatures Type I followed by Type II PS are measured. A simple expression relating the spin flip rate to the dichroism, differential gain, threshold current and PS current is derived. With this expression the dependence of the spin-flip rate on the temperature is obtained.

[1]  F. Koyama.  Recent Advances of VCSEL Photonics , 2006 .

[2]  H. Thienpont,et al.  Polarization switching in VCSEL's due to thermal lensing , 1998, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[3]  Angel Valle,et al.  Polarization-resolved characterization of long-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser parameters , 2014 .

[4]  S. F. Yu.  Polarization Properties of Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers , 2005 .

[5]  H. Thienpont,et al.  Investigation of polarization properties of VCSELs subject to optical feedback from an extremely short external cavity-part I: theoretical analysis , 2006, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics.

[6]  E. S. Bjorlin,et al.  Temperature dependence of the relaxation resonance frequency of long-wavelength vertical-cavity lasers , 2005, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[7]  J. P. Woerdman,et al.  Polarization fluctuations in vertical-cavity semiconductor lasers , 1998 .

[8]  K. Shore,et al.  Polarization behavior of birefringent multitransverse mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers , 1997, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[9]  Zheng-Mao Wu,et al.  Impact of optical feedback on current-induced polarization behavior of 1550 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. , 2013, Applied optics.

[10]  A. Valle,et al.  Measurement of the Intrinsic Parameters of Single-Mode VCSELs , 2014, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[11]  Neal B. Abraham,et al.  Polarization properties of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers , 1997 .

[12]  San Miguel M,et al.  Light-polarization dynamics in surface-emitting semiconductor lasers. , 1995, Physical review. A, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics.

[13]  T. Ackemann,et al.  Polarization switching to the gain disfavored mode in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers , 2004, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics.

[14]  E. Kapon,et al.  Progress and challenges in industrial fabrication of wafer-fused VCSELs emitting in the 1310 nm band for high-speed wavelength division multiplexing applications , 2013, Photonics West - Optoelectronic Materials and Devices.

[15]  Polarization Switching Regions of Optically Injected Long-Wavelength VCSELs , 2014, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics.

[16]  A. N. Al-Omari,et al.  Temperature Dependence of 980-nm Oxide-Confined VCSEL Dynamics , 2008, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[17]  Salvador Balle,et al.  Experimental and theoretical investigations on elliptically polarized dynamical transition states in the polarization switching of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers , 2004 .

[18]  Thorsten Ackemann,et al.  Characteristics of polarization switching from the low to the high frequency mode in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers , 2001 .

[19]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[20]  S. Balle,et al.  Spatio-temporal modeling of the optical properties of VCSELs in the presence of polarization effects , 2002 .

[21]  M. Adams,et al.  Measurement of Temperature-Dependent Relaxation Oscillation Frequency and Linewidth Enhancement Factor of a 1550 nm VCSEL , 2013, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics.

[22]  Daryoosh Vakhshoori,et al.  Top‐surface emitting lasers with 1.9 V threshold voltage and the effect of spatial hole burning on their transverse mode operation and efficiencies , 1993 .

[23]  Kent D. Choquette,et al.  Gain-dependent polarization properties of vertical-cavity lasers , 1995 .

[24]  H. Thienpont,et al.  Effect of photon-energy-dependent loss and gain mechanisms on polarization switching in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers , 1999 .

[25]  Fumio Koyama,et al.  Recent advances in VCSEL photonics , 2006, 16th Opto-Electronics and Communications Conference.