Determination of the diffusion coefficient of lithium ions in nano-Si

Abstract The diffusion coefficients of lithium ions ( D Li + ) in nano-Si were determined by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT). D Li + values are estimated to be ~ 10 − 12  cm 2 s − 1 and exhibit a “W” type varying with the lithium concentration in silicon. Two minimum regions of D Li + (at Li 2.1 ± 0.2 Si and Li 3.2 ± 0.2 Si) are found, which probably result from two amorphous compositions (a-Li 7 Si 3 and a-Li 13 Si 4 ). Besides the two minimum regions, one maximum D Li + is observed at Li 15 Si 4 , corresponding to the crystallization of highly lithiated amorphous Li x Si.

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