Tree species distribution and forest structure along environmental gradients in the dwarf forest of the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico

Onze groupes de trois placettes stratifiees selon leur exposition (face au vent/sous le vent), la topographie (arete, pente ou ravin) et l'altitude, entre 880 et 1000 metres environ, ont servi a un echantillonnage de la structure forestiere et de la composition floristique de la foret naine des monts Luquillo a Puerto Rico. La densite des tiges face au vent est sensiblement plus importante sur les pentes, et pour l'ensemble des topographies, que sous le vent. Le couvert sous le vent est sensiblement plus eleve sur les pentes, et pour l'ensemble des topographies, que face au vent. En outre, dans tous les sites, la densite totale mediane decroit a mesure que l'on descend de l'arete vers les pentes et jusqu'aux ravins, alors que cette tendance s'inverse pour la hauteur moyenne de l'ensemble du couvert. Pour les deux types d'exposition, la biomasse est plus importante sur les aretes et les pentes que dans les ravins. La biomasse est plus importante sous le vent que face au vent pour l'ensemble des topographies; cependant, aucune relation biomasse n'est significative. Tabebuia rigida Urban est l'essence la plus abondante, avec plus de 23 % des 3 619 tiges recensees, et Eugenia borinquensis Britton la plus largement presente, sur 90 % des placettes. La moitie des 42 essences recensees totalisent moins de 2 % de l'ensemble des tiges. La foret naine, adaptee a la survie sous des conditions rudes, evolue sous l'influence de facteurs edaphiques, climatiques et physiologiques. Ces forets naines apportent de nombreux benefices: elles representent un habitat critique pour de nombreuses especes de faune et flore endemiques, renferment de precieuses ressources en eau et offrent des paysages panoramiques et bon nombre d'opportunites recreatives.

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