Ramp-rate control approach based on dynamic smoothing parameter to mitigate solar PV output fluctuations

Abstract In this paper a new ramp-rate control strategy based on exponential smoothing (ES) method is proposed. Different from conventional ES, the proposed method varies the smoothing parameter ‘σ’ according to PV ramp-rate. The proposed smoothing parameter is used to determine the switching status of the battery energy storage (BES). It is also used in determining the amount of power to be injected or absorbed by the BES in order to smooth the PV output power. The proposed ramp-rate control strategy is compared with moving average (MA) and conventional exponential smoothing (CES) methods. It has been found that MA and CES method exhibit memory effect that caused BES to operate all the time. The proposed ramp-rate control strategy overcomes this limitation by operating the BES only during significant fluctuation. As a result, the size of the BES capacity can be reduced and increasing its life span.

[1]  T. Monai,et al.  A collaborative operation method between new energy-type dispersed power supply and EDLC , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[2]  Yong Li,et al.  Application of Fuzzy Wavelet Transform to Smooth Wind/PV Hybrid Power System Output with Battery Energy Storage System , 2011 .

[3]  Tomonobu Senjyu,et al.  Photovoltaic output power fluctuations smoothing methods for single and multiple PV generators , 2010 .

[4]  Saifur Rahman,et al.  A feasibility study of photovoltaic-fuel cell hybrid energy system , 1988 .

[5]  Takeyoshi Kato,et al.  Smoothing PV System’s Output by Tuning MPPT Control , 2004 .

[6]  T. Hund,et al.  Grid-Tied PV system energy smoothing , 2010, 2010 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference.

[7]  K. Nakamura,et al.  Ramp-Rate Control of Photovoltaic Generator With Electric Double-Layer Capacitor , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[8]  D. Maksimovic,et al.  Mitigation of Solar Irradiance Intermittency in Photovoltaic Power Systems With Integrated Electric-Vehicle Charging Functionality , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[9]  Cyril Voyant,et al.  PV output power fluctuations smoothing: The MYRTE platform experience , 2012 .

[10]  J. Hawkins,et al.  PV output smoothing with energy storage , 2012, 2012 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference.

[11]  L. Marroyo,et al.  Storage requirements for PV power ramp-rate control , 2014 .

[12]  M M A Salama,et al.  Investigation of Methods for Reduction of Power Fluctuations Generated From Large Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[13]  J. Marcos,et al.  Control Strategies to Smooth Short-Term Power Fluctuations in Large Photovoltaic Plants Using Battery Storage Systems , 2014 .

[14]  T. Funaki,et al.  Economic and Efficient Voltage Management Using Customer-Owned Energy Storage Systems in a Distribution Network With High Penetration of Photovoltaic Systems , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[15]  Tore Undeland,et al.  PV Fluctuation Balancing Using Hydrogen Storage – a Smoothing Method for Integration of PV Generation into the Utility Grid , 2011 .

[16]  Jay Johnson,et al.  PV output smoothing using a battery and natural gas engine-generator , 2013, 2013 IEEE 39th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC).

[17]  Dong Hui,et al.  Battery Energy Storage Station (BESS)-Based Smoothing Control of Photovoltaic (PV) and Wind Power Generation Fluctuations , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[18]  Luis Marroyo,et al.  Control strategies to use the minimum energy storage requirement for PV power ramp-rate control , 2015 .

[19]  Daniel-Ioan Stroe,et al.  Sizing Study of Second Life Li-ion Batteries for Enhancing Renewable Energy Grid Integration , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[20]  Vahan Gevorgian,et al.  Review of PREPA Technical Requirements for Interconnecting Wind and Solar Generation , 2013 .

[21]  K. M. Muttaqi,et al.  A Novel Approach for Ramp-Rate Control of Solar PV Using Energy Storage to Mitigate Output Fluctuations Caused by Cloud Passing , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[22]  Prem Kumar,et al.  Enhancing the Utilization of Photovoltaic Power Generation by Superconductive Magnetic Energy Storage , 1989, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[23]  Hazlie Mokhlis,et al.  Smart power management algorithm in microgrid consisting of photovoltaic, diesel, and battery storage plants considering variations in sunlight, temperature, and load , 2014 .

[24]  Meisam Amiri,et al.  Minimization of power losses in hybrid electric vehicles in view of the prolonging of battery life , 2009 .