Interfacing Neurons and Silicon-Based Devices

The combination of biological signal processing elements such as membrane proteins, whole cells, or even tissue slices with electronic transducers for the detection of physical signals creates functional hybrid systems that bring together the living and the technical worlds. Functional coupling of physiological processes with microelectronic and nanoelectronic devices will have great impact for a wide range of applications. The high sensitivity and selectivity of biological recognition systems with a manufactured signal-detection and processing system will open up exciting possibilities for the development of new biosensors as well as for new approaches in neuroscience and computer science. This includes: (a) pharmacological as well as toxicologically lab on a chip concepts, which allows fast, high-throughput screening of potential drugs; (b) the use of the high sensitivity and selectivity of biological recognition systems with signal-amplification cascades for the development of biosensors with unprecedented detection threshold; and (c) the multisite interfacing of neuronal networks with arrays of electronic devices on the microscopic level of individual nerve cells or cell processes would facilitate spatiotemporal mapping of brain dynamics.

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