Detachment forces and their influence on the structure and metabolic behaviour of biofilms

The biofilm reactor has been frequently applied in wastewater treatment. The formation, structure and metabolic activity of the biofilms are closely associated with the detachment forces in the reactors. This paper reviews the essential role of detachment forces in the biofilm process. A more compact, stable and denser biofilm can be formed at a relatively higher detachment force. The detachment force has significant influence on the structure, mass transfer, production of exopolysaccharides, metabolic and genetic properties of the biofilm. In an engineering sense, the detachment forces can be manipulated, as a control parameter, to produce a more stable and compact biofilm for use in wastewater treatment. The molecular and genetic mechanisms responsible for the detachment force-associated phenomena are not yet fully understood.

[1]  Y. Bashan,et al.  Starvation-induced changes in the cell surface of Azospirillum lipoferum. , 2000, FEMS microbiology ecology.

[2]  Hoehn Rc,et al.  Effects of thickness on bacterial film. , 1973 .

[3]  V. Lazarova,et al.  Advances in biofilm aerobic reactors ensuring effective biofilm activity control , 1994 .

[4]  Joo-Hwa Tay,et al.  Molecular mechanism of granulation. I:H + translocation-dehydration theory , 2000 .

[5]  Y. Liu,et al.  Model of dissolved organic carbon distribution for substrate-sufficient continuous culture. , 1999, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[6]  Yu Liu.  Estimating Minimum Fixed Biomass Concentration and Active Thickness of Nitrifying Biofilm , 1997 .

[7]  T. Omura,et al.  Mass-Transfer Characteristics within Microbial Systems , 1982 .

[8]  B. Rittmann,et al.  Measurement of the Activity of a Biofilm: Effects of Surface Loading and Detachment on a Three-Phase, Liquid-Fluidized-Bed Reactor , 1992 .

[9]  T. R. Bott,et al.  Direct measurement of the adhesive strength of biofilms in pipes by micromanipulation , 1998 .

[10]  B. Capdeville,et al.  Kinetics and Modelling of Aerobic and Anaerobic Film Growth , 1990 .

[11]  B. Christensen.  The role of extracellular polysaccharides in biofilms , 1989 .

[12]  P. Harremoes.  Half order reactions in biofilm and filter kinetics , 1977 .

[13]  J. Bryers,et al.  Effects of carbon and oxygen limitations and calcium concentrations on biofilm removal processes , 1991, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[14]  Bruce E. Rittmann,et al.  Study of Biofilm and Fluidization of Bioparticles in a Three-Phase Liquid-Fluidized-Bed Reactor , 1991 .

[15]  Joo-Hwa Tay,et al.  Molecular Mechanism of Granulation. II: Proton Translocating Activity , 2000 .

[16]  M. Vieira,et al.  Chemical composition and activity of a biofilm during the start-up of an airlift reactor , 2000 .

[17]  G. Babcock,et al.  Oxygen activation and the conservation of energy in cell respiration , 1992, Nature.

[18]  Y. H. Lee,et al.  A model for energy‐sufficient culture growth , 1990, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[19]  Hideki Harada,et al.  Adhesion strength of biofilm developed in an attached-growth reactor , 1994 .

[20]  Yu Liu.  Adhesion kinetics of nitrifying bacteria on various thermoplastic supports , 1995 .

[21]  Bruce E. Rittmann,et al.  How biofilm clusters affect substrate flux and ecological selection , 1999 .

[22]  P M Alves,et al.  Hydrodynamic effects on BHK cells grown as suspended natural aggregates , 1995, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[23]  Ralph Mitchell,et al.  Mechanism of the Initial Events in the Sorption of Marine Bacteria to Surfaces , 1970 .

[24]  Yu Liu,et al.  Specific activity of nitrifying biofilm in water nitrification process , 1996 .

[25]  J. Russell,et al.  Energetics of bacterial growth: balance of anabolic and catabolic reactions. , 1995, Microbiological reviews.

[26]  B. Rittmann,et al.  Biofilm detachment mechanisms in a liquid‐fluidized bed , 1991, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[27]  E J Lamotta,et al.  Internal diffusion and reaction in biological films. , 1976, Environmental science & technology.

[28]  B. Rittman,et al.  The effect of shear stress on biofilm loss rate. , 1982, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[29]  B. Rittmann,et al.  Evaluation of multiple-species biofilm and floc processes using a simplified aggregate model , 1994 .

[30]  M. V. van Loosdrecht,et al.  The role of bacterial cell wall hydrophobicity in adhesion , 1987, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[31]  J. Pringle,et al.  Influence of Substratum Wettability on Attachment of Freshwater Bacteria to Solid Surfaces , 1983, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[32]  K. Lertpocasombut.  Epuration carbonee par film biologique mince dans un reacteur a lit fluidise triphasique , 1991 .

[33]  R. Kolter,et al.  Exopolysaccharide Production Is Required for Development of Escherichia coli K-12 Biofilm Architecture , 2000, Journal of bacteriology.

[34]  G. Stewart,et al.  The identification, characterization, and mapping of a gene for flocculation in Saccharomyces sp. , 1977, Canadian journal of microbiology.

[35]  M. Fletcher,et al.  An Electron-microscopic Demonstration of an Acidic Polysaccharide Involved in the Adhesion of a Marine Bacterium to Solid Surfaces , 1973 .

[36]  Paul Rouxhet,et al.  Physical chemistry of the interface between attached micro-organisms and their support , 1990 .

[37]  Gerald E. Speitel,et al.  Biofilm Shearing under Dynamic Conditions , 1987 .

[38]  Haluk Beyenal,et al.  Combined effect of substrate concentration and flow velocity on effective diffusivity in biofilms , 2000 .

[39]  R. Kolter,et al.  The Global Carbon Metabolism Regulator Crc Is a Component of a Signal Transduction Pathway Required for Biofilm Development by Pseudomonas aeruginosa , 2000, Journal of bacteriology.

[40]  Luís F. Melo,et al.  Biofilm formation: hydrodynamic effects on internal diffusion and structure , 1993 .

[41]  L V McIntire,et al.  Hydrodynamic shear stress and mass transport modulation of endothelial cell metabolism , 1991, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[42]  B. Rusten,et al.  The innovative moving bed biofilm reactor/solids contact reaeration process for secondary treatment of municipal wastewater , 1998 .

[43]  William G. Characklis,et al.  Dynamics of biofilm processes , 1982 .

[44]  Yu Liu,et al.  Surface modification of bio‐carrier by plasma oxidation‐ferric ions coating technique to enhance bacterial adhesion , 1996 .

[45]  S. Selivanovskaya,et al.  Protozoan and metazoan communities treating a simulated petrochemical industry wastewater in a rotating disc biological reactor , 1997 .

[46]  J J Heijnen,et al.  Effect of diffusive and convective substrate transport on biofilm structure formation: a two-dimensional modeling study. , 2000, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[47]  D. Hempel,et al.  Mass transfer phenomena in biofilm systems , 2000 .