Chapter 6 – remote sensing application supporting IWRM in Kenya

Abstract This chapter begins with a synopsis of the basic concept of remote sensing with the various stages and interactions that characterize the entire remote sensing process described. A brief recapitulation of the status of stored water in Kenya is then presented. The monumental challenge facing many poor Kenyan households in accessing clean and safe water in sufficient quantities is reiterated. The chapter underscores the critical value of accurate and timely geospatial and hydro-meteorological datasets in supporting integrated water resources management. It is argued that the availability of techniques that deliver information on the changes in stored water at a more local scale is the first step towards realizing an efficient water society. Finally, two case studies that employ diverse remote sensing datasets to provide an evidence based explanation of the decline in stored water in Lakes Victoria and Naivasha are elucidated.

[1]  Olli Varis,et al.  Integrated water resources management: evolution, prospects and future challenges , 2005 .

[2]  H. Ármannsson,et al.  Indirect detection of subsurface outflow from a rift valley lake , 1990 .

[3]  P. Stålnacke,et al.  Integrated Water Resources Management , 2010 .

[4]  M. Goodchild,et al.  Geographic Information Systems and Science (second edition) , 2001 .

[5]  David N. Siriba,et al.  ASSESSMENT OF KENYA'S READINESS FOR GEOSPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE TAKE OFF , 2007 .

[6]  Joseph L. Awange,et al.  Environmental Monitoring and Management , 2013 .

[7]  T. M. Lillesand,et al.  Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation , 1980 .

[8]  L. Ogallo Trend of rainfall in East Africa , 1981 .

[9]  Soong Sup Lee World development indicators 2010 , 2010 .

[10]  M Falkenmark,et al.  Macro-scale water scarcity requires micro-scale approaches. Aspects of vulnerability in semi-arid development. , 1989, Natural resources forum.

[11]  D. Kull Connections Between Recent Water Level Drops in Lake Victoria, Dam Operations and Drought , 2006 .

[12]  T. Davies,et al.  Recent changes in the level of Lake Naivasha, Kenya, as an indicator of equatorial westerlies over East Africa , 1979 .

[13]  David M. Harper,et al.  Towards an understanding of human impact upon the hydrology of Lake Naivasha, Kenya , 2002, Hydrobiologia.

[14]  S. Nicholson Historical Fluctuations of Lake Victoria and Other Lakes in the Northern Rift Valley of East Africa , 1998 .

[15]  Jürgen Köngeter,et al.  Sustainable Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in a Semi-Arid Area , 2006 .

[16]  K. Mavuti,et al.  Ecology and Management of Lake Naivasha, Kenya, in Relation to Climatic Change, Alien Species' Introductions, and Agricultural Development , 1990, Environmental Conservation.

[17]  J. Awange,et al.  Lake Victoria: Ecology, Resources, Environment , 2006 .

[18]  Richard Groot,et al.  Geospatial Data Infrastructure : Concepts, Cases, and Good Practice , 2000 .

[19]  L. Johnson Geographic Information Systems in Water Resources Engineering , 2008 .

[20]  J. Kusche,et al.  Understanding the decline of water storage across the Ramser-Lake Naivasha using satellite-based methods , 2013 .

[21]  J. Awange,et al.  Environmental Geoinformatics: Monitoring and Management , 2013 .

[22]  John A. Richards,et al.  Remote Sensing with Imaging Radar , 2009 .

[23]  Competition over water resources: analysis and mapping of water-related conflicts in the catchment of Lake Naivasha (Kenya) , 2002 .

[24]  A. E. Richardson,et al.  History of an African Rift Lake and Its Climatic Implications , 1972 .

[25]  Jens Wickert,et al.  The Falling Lake Victoria Water Level: GRACE, TRIMM and CHAMP Satellite Analysis of the Lake Basin , 2008 .