Adaptive wall technology for improved wind tunnel testing techniques—A review

Abstract The status of adaptive wall technology to improve significantly wind tunnel simulations for 2-and 3D testing is reviewed. This technology relies on the test section flow boundaries being adjustable, using a tunnel/computer system to control the boundary shapes without knowledge of the model under test. An overview of the benefits and inevitable shortcomings of adaptive wall testing techniques is given. A historical perspective highlights the disjointed development of these testing techniques from 1938 to the present day. The philosophy of Adaptive Wall Test Section (AWTS) design is discussed and currently operational transonic AWTSs are detailed, showing a preference for the simplest AWTS design with two solid flexible walls. Control systems for AWTSs are described and examples given. Research highlights show that quick wall adjustment procedures are available and AWTSs, with impervious or ventilated walls, can be used through the transonic range up to Mach 1.35. The requirements for production testing in AWTSs are discussed, and. conclusions drawn as to the current status of adaptive wall technology. In 2D testing, adaptive wall technology is mature enough for general use, even in cryogenic wind tunnels. In 3D testing, this technology is less mature because the necessary research has not been pursued aggressively. This situation is attributed to the inertia against changes in testing techniques, and preconceptions about the difficulties of using AWTSs.

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