Modelling of the aqueous debittering process of Lupinus mutabilis Sweet

Abstract We investigated the process of lupin debittering by soaking, cooking and washing in water using a newly designed hydroagitator. The effect on alkaloids content, solids in the product, final weight, processing time and water and energy consumption were expressed in a mathematical model for optimization purposes. Design expert 8 software was used to model the processes. Optimum processing conditions comprised 18 h of soaking, 1 h cooking, 3 changes of water/day and 22 h of agitation/day. For estimating the washing time a mathematic function and non-dimensional constant k were inferred from observation and the software used (∂ c /∂ t  =  kc ; k  = −0.188 − 4.973 − 3 *Agitation − 0.0043 *Changes − 1.681 −3 Agitation* Changes). The new developed technology could be used to optimize processes such as hydratation and/or removal of undesired materials of legumes and other seeds.

[1]  J. Gueguen,et al.  Proteins of some legume seeds: soybean, pea, fababean and lupin , 1994 .

[2]  J. Aguilera,et al.  Aqueous processing of lupin seed , 2007 .

[3]  H. Cremer.  Current aspects on legumes as a food constituent in Latin America with special emphasis on lupines: Introduction , 1983 .

[4]  G. Dávila-Ortíz,et al.  Diminution of quinolizidine alkaloids, oligosaccharides and phenolic compounds from two species of Lupinus and soybean seeds by the effect of Rhizopus oligosporus , 2007 .

[5]  J. Empis,et al.  Bacterial removal of quinolizidine alkaloids from Lupinus albus flours , 2001 .

[6]  John Crank,et al.  The Mathematics Of Diffusion , 1956 .

[7]  W. Horwitz,et al.  Official methods of analysis of AOAC International , 2010 .

[8]  N. Todorov,et al.  Lupin (Lupinus spp.) , 1996 .

[9]  R. Bell,et al.  Germination alters the chemical composition and protein quality of lupin seeds , 1992 .

[10]  F. Lanças,et al.  Supercritical fluid extraction and chromatographic analysis (HRGC-FID and HRGC-MS) of Lupinus spp. alkaloids , 2000 .

[11]  Raymond Chang,et al.  Physical chemistry with applications to biological systems , 1977 .

[12]  E. Reimerdes,et al.  Methoden zur Bestimmung der Chinolizidinalkaloide in Lupinus mutabilis , 1979 .

[13]  K. Mukherjee,et al.  Extraction of alkaloids and oil from bitter lupin seed , 1982 .

[14]  A. Nagata,et al.  [Methods of eliminating alkaloids from the seeds of Lupinus mutabilis Sweet]. , 1980, Archivos latinoamericanos de nutrición.

[15]  C. Nerín,et al.  Indirect determination of nitrogenated drugs by atomic absorption spectrometry. , 1986, Analytical chemistry.

[16]  Pieter Walstra,et al.  Physical chemistry of foods , 2002 .

[17]  M. Boekel.  Kinetic Modeling of Reactions In Foods , 2008 .

[18]  G. Barbosa‐Cánovas,et al.  Lupines: an alternative for debittering and utilization in foods. , 2003 .

[19]  H. Schöneberger,et al.  The development and acceptability of lupine (Lupinus mutabilis) products , 1983 .

[20]  J. Ruales,et al.  Nutritional quality of blended foods of rice, soy and lupins, processed by extrusion , 1988 .

[21]  R. J. Peña-Bautista,et al.  Effective detoxification and decoloration of Lupinus mutabilis seed derivatives, and effect of these derivatives on bread quality and acceptance , 2008 .

[22]  R. Ferreira,et al.  Seed Proteins of Lupinus mutabilis , 1997 .