Hemodynamic patterning of the avian atrioventricular valve

In this study, we develop an innovative approach to rigorously quantify the evolving hemodynamic environment of the atrioventricular (AV) canal of avian embryos. Ultrasound generated velocity profiles were imported into Micro‐Computed Tomography generated anatomically precise cardiac geometries between Hamburger‐Hamilton (HH) stages 17 and 30. Computational fluid dynamic simulations were then conducted and iterated until results mimicked in vivo observations. Blood flow in tubular hearts (HH17) was laminar with parallel streamlines, but strong vortices developed simultaneous with expansion of the cushions and septal walls. For all investigated stages, highest wall shear stresses (WSS) are localized to AV canal valve–forming regions. Peak WSS increased from 19.34 dynes/cm2 at HH17 to 287.18 dynes/cm2 at HH30, but spatiotemporally averaged WSS became 3.62 dynes/cm2 for HH17 to 9.11 dynes/cm2 for HH30. Hemodynamic changes often preceded and correlated with morphological changes. These results establish a quantitative baseline supporting future hemodynamic analyses and interpretations. Developmental Dynamics, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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