The Magic of Delta¿¿¿Sigma Modulation

This chapter discusses the need for oversampling data converters and presents a brief overview of the origins of delta???sigma modulators. Since the physical world nevertheless remains stubbornly analog, data converters are needed to interface with the digital signal processing (DSP) core. Data converters, including analog???to???digital converters (ADCs) and digital to analog converters (DACs), can be classified into Nyquist???rate and oversampled converters. In the former category, there exists a one???to???one correspondence between the input and output samples. Oversampling data converters are able to achieve over 20 ENOB resolutions at reasonably high conversion speeds by relying on a trade???off. They use sampling rates much higher than the Nyquist rate, typically higher by a factor between 8 and 512, and generate each output utilizing numerous preceding input values. The implementation of oversampling converters requires a considerable amount of digital circuitry, in addition to some analog stages, with both requiring to be operated faster than the Nyquist rate.

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