Assessment and Improvement of IPTV Service Availability in Vehicular Networks

Die zunehmende Beliebtheit von IP-basierten Fahrzeugnetzen fu hrt derzeit zu einem starken Interesse der Forschung an IP-basierten Fernsehendiensten (IPTV) in Fahrzeugen. Fu r Echtzeit-Kommunikationsdienste wie Live-IPTV ist die Servicequalit at, wie sie die Anwender erlebt haben (Quality of Experience, QoE), von besonderer Bedeutung. QoE von IPTV wird stark durch die sog Kanalblockierungswahrscheinlichkeit (Channel Blocking Probability, CBP) bestimmt. Das bedeutet, dass ein Fernsehkanal, der von einem Benutzer ben otigt wird, auf seine Anfrage hin ggf. nicht verfu gbar ist. In dieser Dissertation untersuchen wir die Kanalverfu gbarkeit (Channel Availability, CA) in IPTV-Diensten fu r Fahrzeugbenutzer mittels umfangreicher Simulationsexperimente. Es wurde ein eigenes Simulationswerkzeug entwickelt, das auf einem detaillierten IPTV-Nutz- erverhaltensmodell basiert. Daru ber hinaus pra sentieren wir in dieser Dissertation ein effizientes und eher allgemein anwendbares analytisches Modell, das es ermo glicht, die Blockierungswahrscheinlichkeit von TV-Kana len fu r Blockierungser-eignisse vorherzusagen, die durch Kanalwechsel oder durch Handover verursacht sein ko nnen. Daru ber hinaus validieren wir unser analytisches Modell mittels Simulation und fu hren ein neues Verfahren fu r QoE ein. Zahlreiche Fallstudien zeigen, wie das analytische Modell und unser neues QoE-Verfahren erfolgreich fu r die Dimensionierung von IPTV-Systemen eingesetzt werden k onnen. Daru ber hinaus existieren zwei wichtige Herausforderungen hinsichtlich der Bereitstellung von IPTV-Diensten u ber Fahrzeugnetze: begrenzte Netzbandbreite und hohe U bertragun- gsgeschwindigkeiten. Kanalblockierung entweder zu einem U bergabezeitpunkt geschehen, wenn ein Fahrzeug seine Zelle in dem drahtlosen Zugangsnetz andert, oder wenn ein IPTV-Nutzer innerhalb einer Zelle den beobachteten Fernsehkanal a ndert. Daher fu hren wir in dieser Dissertation zwei neue Algorithmen ein, die versuchen, die Handover- induzierte Kanalblockierungswahrscheinlichkeit signifikant zu reduzieren. Unsere Algorith- men beruhen auf einer a priori-Reservierung des aktuell beobachteten Kanals in der benachbarten Zelle, bevor der Benutzer die neue Zelle erreicht. Zudem stellen wir umfassende Fallstudien vor, um zu untersuchen, wie stark eine a-priori-Kanalreservierung die QoE fu r die IPTV-Fahrzeugbenutzer verbessern kann. The increasing popularity of IP-based vehicular networks is currently leading to a strong interest in Internet Protocol TeleVision (IPTV) services offered to users in vehicles. For real-time communication services, such as live IPTV, the service quality as experienced by the users (QoE) is of particular importance. QoE of IPTV is strongly determined by the probability that a TV channel required by a user is unavailable upon its request, called Channel Blocking Probability (CBP). In this dissertation, we investigate the Channel Availability (CA) in IPTV services for vehicular users by means of comprehensive simulation experiments. For this propose, we have developed an own simulation tool which is based on a detailed IPTV user behavior model. Moreover, we present an efficient and rather generally applicable analytical model in this dissertation that allows one to predict the blocking probability of TV channels, both for channel-switching-induced and handover-induced blocking events. We also validate our analytical model by means of simulation, and we introduce a new measure for QoE. Numerous case studies illustrate how the analytical model and our new QoE measure can be applied successfully for the dimensioning of IPTV systems. Furthermore, there exist two significant challenges regarding the provisioning of IPTV services over vehicular networks: limited network bandwidth and the high rate of handover events. Therefore, channel blocking may either happen at a handover instant when a car changes its cell in the wireless access network or when an IPTV user within a cell changes the TV channel watched. Evidently, handover-induced channel blocking is particularly annoying for a user. Hence, we introduce two novel algorithms in this dissertation which try to reduce the handover-induced channel blocking probability significantly. Although, the second one tries to reduce the switching-induced channel blocking probability, too. Our algorithms rely on an a priori reservation of the currently watched channel in the neighboring cell before the user actually reaches the new cell. We also present comprehensive case studies to investigate how strongly an a priori channel reservation is able to improve the QoE for the IPTV vehicular users.

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