Modeling the NF-κB mediated inflammatory response predicts cytokine waves in tissue

BackgroundWaves propagating in "excitable media" is a reliable way to transmit signals in space. A fascinating example where living cells comprise such a medium is Dictyostelium D. which propagates waves of chemoattractant to attract distant cells. While neutrophils chemotax in a similar fashion as Dictyostelium D., it is unclear if chemoattractant waves exist in mammalian tissues and what mechanisms could propagate them.ResultsWe propose that chemoattractant cytokine waves may naturally develop as a result of NF-κ B response. Using a heuristic mathematical model of NF-κ B-like circuits coupled in space we show that the known characteristics of NF-κ B response favor cytokine waves.ConclusionsWhile the propagating wave of cytokines is generally beneficial for inflammation resolution, our model predicts that there exist special conditions that can cause chronic inflammation and re-occurrence of acute inflammatory response.

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