RFID and contactless smart card applications

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. FOREWORD. PREFACE. INTRODUCTION. Part One: Review and supplementary information. 1 Review. 1.1 The Elements of a Contactless Device. 1.2 General Operating Principles of the "Base Station-Transponder" Pair. 1.3 Before We Continue ... Conventional Notation. 2 The Transponder: Supplementary Information. 2.1 Ready-made Products. 2.2 Specification or Choice of the Transponder Integrated Circuit. 2.3 The Transponder Antenna. 3 The Base Station: Supplementary Information. 3.1 The Base Station Antenna. 3.2 Review and Supplementary Technical Information. 3.3 Structure of the Driver Stage of the Base Station Antenna. 3.4 The Downlink. 3.5 Summary of the Principal Formulae of Chapters 2 and 3. Part Two: Applications and implementation. 4 Design and Implementation of a "Contactless" Application. 4.1 Specifying an Application. 4.2 Specifying the Requirements. 4.3 Specifying the Near Environment of the Application. 4.4 How to Approach an Application. 4.5 Choice of the Operating Frequency. 4.6 Overview of the Frequencies Used in RFID. 4.7 Choosing the Right Frequency. Part Three: Examples. 5 Examples at 125kHz. 5.1 The Usual Constants and Parameters of Applications Operating at 125 kHz. 5.2 Example. 6 Examples at 13.56MHz. 6.1 The Usual Constants and Parameters of Applications Operating at 13.56 kHz. 6.2 ISO 14 443 "Proximity" Applications (Approximately 10 cm). 6.3 "Vicinity" Applications (Approximately 70 cm) of the ISO 15 693 or 18 000 Type and Long-range Applications for Vicinity Cards or Item Management. 6.4 Applications and Conformity with Standards. Part Four: Antennae and their technology. 7 The Transponder Antenna and its Technology. 7.1 The Range of Technologies. 7.2 The Geometrical Shapes of the Windings. 8 The Base Station Antenna and Its Technology. 8.1 Shape, Size and Technology of the Base Station Antenna. Part Five: The electronics involved. 9 Electronic Systems of the Base Station. 9.1 Standard Base Station Circuits. 9.2 Advanced Base Station Circuits. 9.3 The Output Stage Transmission Part. 9.4 Driving the Antenna. 9.5 The Demodulators. 9.6 The Common Reception/Transmission Part. Part Six: Tools and Measurement Methods. 10 Development Aids and Tools. 10.1 Simulation of the System Performance. 10.2 Development Aid Tools. 11 Measurement Methods for Contactless Systems. 11.1 The Principal Parameters to be Measured for a Transponder. 11.2 Transponder Measurement Methods and Set-ups. 11.3 Measuring Complete Systems. 11.4 Conclusions. 11.5 The Future. Appendix A. A.1 Duality of Series and Parallel RLC Circuits. A.2 Useful Addresses and Information. INDEX.