Evolving risk-based security: A review of current issues and emerging trends impacting security screening in the aviation industry

Passenger security screening has traditionally relied on a one-size fits all approach, with every passenger being subject to walk-through metal detector and x-ray screening of baggage. New technologies have been added to the process to screen for explosives, and some improvements made in terms of efficiency of checkpoints. However, with growing passenger numbers, space and financial constraints, a risk-based approach to screening is becoming an imperative. An asymmetric and dynamic threat environment related to regional and global conflicts represents a continuing challenge for security officials, airports and airlines alike. Opportunities exist for risk-based models; through the identification of high risk passengers and flights, recognition of equivalence of measures for transferring passengers and identification of low-risk or trusted travelers. A genuinely risk-based approach will require flexibility on the part of regulators, airports, airlines and passengers, coupled with trust between States and between agencies within States. Increasing unrest in the world and evolving threats may hinder the implementation of risk-based security, but with the right implementation it may provide an answer to increasing pressures on the security system.