Representation of Microwave Two-Port Network

The microwave signal and noise matrix analysis techniques are the basis of representation of the microwave network, and are the important tools of the radio frequency (RF) and microwave semiconductor modeling and parameter extraction. RF and microwave device, circuit and components can be classified as one-, two-, three-, and N-port networks. A majority of circuits under analysis are two-port networks. Therefore, we focus in this chapter primarily on two-port characterization and study its representation in terms of a set of parameters that can be cast into a matrix format. The definition of a two-port network is that a network that has only two access ports: one for input or excitation and one for output or response. This chapter introduces the important linear parameters (including signal and noise parameters) that are currently used to characterize two-port networks. These parameters enable manipulation and optimization.