Porous one-dimensional carbon/iron oxide composite for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries with high and stable capacity

Abstract Hematite iron oxide (α-Fe 2 O 3 ) is considered to be a prospective anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of its high theoretical capacity (1007 mAh g −1 ), nontoxicity, and low cost. However, the low electrical conductivity and large volume change during Li insertion/extraction of α-Fe 2 O 3 hinder its use in practical batteries. In this study, carbon-coated α-Fe 2 O 3 nanofibers, prepared via an electrospinning method followed by a thermal treatment process, are employed as the anode material for LIBs. The as-prepared porous nanofibers with a carbon content of 12.5 wt% show improved cycling performance and rate capability. They can still deliver a high and stable capacity of 715 mAh g −1 even at superior high current density of 1000 mA g −1 after 200 cycles with a large Coulombic efficiency of 99.2%. Such improved electrochemical performance can be assigned to their unique porous fabric structure as well as the conductive carbon coating which shorten the distance for Li ion transport, enhancing Li ion reversibility and kinetic properties. It is, therefore, demonstrated that carbon-coated α-Fe 2 O 3 nanofiber prepared under optimized conditions is a promising anode material candidate for LIBs.

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