Cautionary Note on Reporting Eta-Squared Values from Multifactor ANOVA Designs

The authors provide a cautionary note on reporting accurate eta-squared values from multifactor analysis of variance (ANOVA) designs. They reinforce the distinction between classical and partial eta-squared as measures of strength of association. They provide examples from articles published in premier psychology journals in which the authors erroneously reported partial eta-squared values as representing classical etasquared values. Finally, they discuss broader impacts of inaccurately reported etasquared values for theory development, meta-analytic reviews, and intervention programs.

[1]  T. Carr,et al.  Development of selective attention: perceptual load influences early versus late attentional selection in children and adults. , 2002, Developmental psychology.

[2]  G. Loftus.  Psychology Will Be a Much Better Science When We Change the Way We Analyze Data , 1996 .

[3]  J. Shepperd,et al.  The Affective Consequences of Expected and Unexpected Outcomes , 2002, Psychological science.

[4]  R. Haase.  Classical and Partial Eta Square in Multifactor ANOVA Designs , 1983 .

[5]  Brian M. Friel,et al.  The effect of lexical, pragmatic, and morphological violations on reading time and deviance ratings of English and German sentences , 2001, Memory & cognition.

[6]  G. Keppel.  Design and analysis: A researcher's handbook, 3rd ed. , 1991 .

[7]  John J. Kennedy,et al.  The Eta Coefficient in Complex Anova Designs , 1970 .

[8]  William L. Hays,et al.  Statistics, 5th ed. , 1994 .

[9]  Scott E. Maxwell,et al.  Designing Experiments and Analyzing Data: A Model Comparison Perspective , 1990 .

[10]  Olejnik,et al.  Measures of Effect Size for Comparative Studies: Applications, Interpretations, and Limitations. , 2000, Contemporary educational psychology.

[11]  Jacob Cohen.  Measurement Educational and Psychological Educational and Psychological Measurement Eta-squared and Partial Eta-squared in Fixed Factor Anova Designs Educational and Psychological Measurement Additional Services and Information For , 2022 .

[12]  R. Nickerson,et al.  Null hypothesis significance testing: a review of an old and continuing controversy. , 2000, Psychological methods.

[13]  Ruma Falk,et al.  IN CRITICISM OF THE NULL HYPOTHESIS STATISTICAL TEST , 1998 .

[14]  R. L. Hagen.  In praise of the null hypothesis statistical test. , 1997 .

[15]  A. Jansen,et al.  Implicit and explicit attitudes toward high-fat foods in obesity. , 2002, Journal of abnormal psychology.

[16]  Blair T. Johnson.  DSTAT : software for the meta-analytic review of research literatures , 1992 .

[17]  P. Lachenbruch.  Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.) , 1989 .

[18]  Maria F. Dal Martello,et al.  Talis Pater, Talis Filius: Perceived Resemblance and the Belief in Genetic Relatedness , 2002, Psychological science.

[19]  Jacob Cohen.  Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences , 1969, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Research Design.

[20]  Charles Lewis,et al.  Partial Omega Squared for Anova Designs , 1979 .

[21]  Fiona Fidler,et al.  The Fifth edition of the Apa Publication Manual: Why its Statistics Recommendations are so Controversial , 2002 .

[22]  Hj Norussis,et al.  SPSS for Windows , 1993 .

[23]  Lona M. Walton,et al.  Teaching Rime Analogy or Letter Recoding Reading Strategies to Prereaders: Effects on Prereading Skills and Word Reading. , 2001 .

[24]  Howard Wainer,et al.  One cheer for null hypothesis significance testing. , 1999 .

[25]  Jacob Cohen,et al.  Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences , 1979 .

[26]  T. Levine,et al.  Eta Squared, Partial Eta Squared, and Misreporting of Effect Size in Communication Research , 2002 .

[27]  James A. Breaugh,et al.  Effect Size Estimation: Factors to Consider and Mistakes to Avoid , 2003 .

[28]  Scott E. Maxwell,et al.  Measures of strength of association: A comparative examination , 1981 .

[29]  J. Krueger,et al.  Null hypothesis significance testing. On the survival of a flawed method. , 2001, The American psychologist.

[30]  J. P. Morgan,et al.  Design and Analysis: A Researcher's Handbook , 2005, Technometrics.