The Forest Regeneration Puzzle Biological mechanisms in humus layer and forest vegetation dynamics

Forest ecosystem dynamics have long been explained by changes in floristic composition (Foster 1988) and nutrient availability (Vitousek 1984). The passage from pioneer to late-successional plant communities has frequently been modeled (McCook 1994) and, in a few instances, has been studied experimentally (Facelli and Facelli 1993). Interactions between plants (including their immediate environment as a passive partner) have generally been considered to be responsible for forest succession. However, the belowground components of any given ecosystem must also be taken into account before successional and steady-state patterns in plant communities can be fully understood (Cromack 1981, Miles 1985, Nilsson 1994). For example, managed coniferous forests

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