Impact of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Germination Process on Starch Properties for Application in Films

Germination causes several changes in wheat grains that are necessary for growth, one of which is starch characteristics. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of laboratory-induced wheat germination and preharvest sprouting on starch properties, as well as to examine the application of extracted starch in films. Starch is extracted from non-germinated wheat samples; pre-harvest sprouting and germination are induced for 24, 48, and 72 h. Starch is characterized for chemical composition, flour yield, enzymatic activity, morphology, solubility, swelling power, pasting properties, and relative crystallinity. Subsequently, films of germinated and non-germinated wheat starch are characterized by mechanical properties, thickness, opacity, water solubility, and water vapor permeability. Wheat germination is found to increase enzymatic activity, swelling power, solubility, and relative crystallinity of starch. A significant increase in film elongation is correlated with increased wheat germination time. These results indicate that germination of wheat alters starch properties and promotes production of films with attractive characteristics for future applications.

[1]  J. Sirviö,et al.  Effect of plasticizers on the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of cellulose-based biocomposite films , 2018, Industrial Crops and Products.

[2]  E. Zavareze,et al.  Changes in enzymatic activity, technological quality and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content of wheat flour as affected by germination , 2018 .

[3]  H. Feng,et al.  Effects of controlled germination on selected physicochemical and functional properties of whole-wheat flour and enhanced γ-aminobutyric acid accumulation by ultrasonication. , 2018, Food chemistry.

[4]  Yamina De Bondt,et al.  Density separation as a strategy to reduce the enzyme load of preharvest sprouted wheat and enhance its bread making quality. , 2018, Food chemistry.

[5]  Cheng Li,et al.  Effect of germination on the structures and physicochemical properties of starches from brown rice, oat, sorghum, and millet. , 2017, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[6]  A. Lenart,et al.  Effect of starch type on the physico-chemical properties of edible films. , 2017, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[7]  M. Aggarwal,et al.  Physico-chemical and functional properties of gamma irradiated whole wheat flour and starch , 2017 .

[8]  Ya‐Jane Wang,et al.  Impact of pre-germination on amylopectin molecular structures, crystallinity, and thermal properties of pre-germinated brown rice starches , 2017 .

[9]  M. D. Antunes,et al.  Morphological, mechanical, barrier and properties of films based on acetylated starch and cellulose from barley. , 2017, Journal of the science of food and agriculture.

[10]  L. Derde,et al.  Impact of Preharvest Sprouting of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Field on Starch, Protein, and Arabinoxylan Properties. , 2016, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[11]  Guoquan Zhang,et al.  Physicochemical and structural properties of A- and B-starch isolated from normal and waxy wheat: Effects of lipids removal , 2016 .

[12]  I. A. Wani,et al.  Physicochemical properties of whole wheat flour as affected by gamma irradiation , 2016 .

[13]  O. Çiftçi,et al.  Formation of nanoporous aerogels from wheat starch. , 2016, Carbohydrate polymers.

[14]  M. A. Pagani,et al.  Sprouted wheat as an alternative to conventional flour improvers in bread-making , 2016 .

[15]  Y. Liao,et al.  Effects of drought on the morphological and physicochemical characteristics of starch granules in different elite wheat varieties , 2015 .

[16]  Haiyan Lu,et al.  Effect of pre-harvest sprouting on physicochemical changes of proteins in wheat. , 2014, Journal of the science of food and agriculture.

[17]  Zhengyu Jin,et al.  Effect of germination time on physicochemical properties of brown rice flour and starch from different rice cultivars , 2013 .

[18]  A. Chiralt,et al.  Properties of wheat starch film-forming dispersions and films as affected by chitosan addition , 2013 .

[19]  J. Vázquez,et al.  Controlled germination to enhance the functional properties of rice , 2008 .

[20]  S. Cui,et al.  Isolation and characterization of wheat bran starch , 2008 .

[21]  K. Seetharaman,et al.  Use of Iodine as a Tool to Understand Wheat Starch Pasting Properties , 2008 .

[22]  D. Mares,et al.  Late-maturity α-amylase: Low falling number in wheat in the absence of preharvest sprouting , 2008 .

[23]  M. Armada,et al.  Physicochemical characterization of starch based films , 2007 .

[24]  N. Gontard,et al.  Edible composite films of wheat gluten and lipids: water vapour permeability and other physical properties , 2007 .

[25]  A. Dufresne,et al.  Thermoplastic starch-waxy maize starch nanocrystals nanocomposites. , 2006, Biomacromolecules.

[26]  H. Cornell,et al.  A simple and rapid colorimetric method for the determination of amylose in starch products , 1998 .

[27]  H. Zobel,et al.  Molecules to Granules: A Comprehensive Starch Review , 1988 .

[28]  Jan A. Delcour,et al.  Principles of cereal science and technology , 1986 .

[29]  H. W. Leach.  Structure of the starch granule I Swelling and solubility patterns of various starches , 1959 .

[30]  G. L. Miller.  Use of Dinitrosalicylic Acid Reagent for Determination of Reducing Sugar , 1959 .