The Politics of Standardization: Teacher education in the USA

· a shortage of new teachers in many states and regions, speciŽ c shortages in math and science in many if not most regions; new accreditation and licensing structures; · a need to rebuild relationships between the arts and sciences and education schools and departments and their faculties; · inadequate funding for public schools and higher education institutions; and concerns related to the professional development of teachers; and · a proliferation of ‘alternative certiŽ cation routes’ that are of very short duration (e.g. 18 credit hours in the State of Indiana).