Agreement between indirect measures of perceived distance

A test configuration consisting of either one or two points of light was made to appear at different distances on different trials. The perceived distance of the configuration on each trial was measured indirectly using two procedures. In the size adjustment procedure, the observer adjusted the vertical separation of two equidistant points to produce a criterion-perceived separation of 1 in. On the basis of this adjustment, the perceived distance of the two-point configuration was derived by means of the size-distance invariance hypothesis (Gilinsky, 1951; Kilpatrick & Ittelson, 1953). In the head-motion procedure, the observer indicated the motion of a physically stationary test point as it appeared to move concomitantly with the head. On the basis of the direction and magnitude of this apparent motion, the perceived distance of the test point was derived by means of the apparent-distance/pivot-distance hypothesis (Gogel, 1982).The measures obtained from these two procedures correlated highly. Since the size adjustment procedure provides a measure of perceived distance that generally is accepted as valid, the results indicate that the head-motion procedure has a similar validity. Past research with the head-motion procedure often concerned the apparent motion or apparent distance of a single object presented in a dark surround. An analysis of the present results supports the conclusion that the apparent-distance/ pivot-distance hypothesis applies equally to situations in which objects in addition to the test object are present.

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