Computational Aerodynamic Modeling Tools for Aircraft Loss of Control

This paper summarizes the status of ongoing NASA research supported over the past eight years to advance computational capabilities for modeling civil aircraft loss of control due to airframe damage or wing stall. The research is motivated by a desire to exploit the capabilities of computational methods to create augmented flight simulation models that improve pilot training for such loss-of-control scenarios. Flight of aircraft with either airframe damage or operating near and beyond the stall boundary encounters additional nonlinear aerodynamic influences on stability and control from dynamic motions that, if not included in flight simulation models, may lead to incorrect pilot responses. In the present work, both low- and high-fidelity computational methods are explored for analyzing such nonlinearities. The challenge of creating nonlinear reduced-order models from high-fidelity computational data is also addressed. At the beginning, few guidelines were available for computing or modeling the dynamic s...

[1]  Greg D. Power,et al.  A Flexible System for the Analysis of Bodies in Relative Motion , 2005 .

[2]  Ken Badcock,et al.  Transonic Aerodynamic Load Modeling of X-31 Aircraft Pitching Motions , 2013 .

[3]  Gautam H. Shah,et al.  Flight Dynamics Modeling and Simulation of a Damaged Transport Aircraft , 2012 .

[4]  Philippe Villedieu,et al.  Swept-Wing Ice Accretion Characterization and Aerodynamics , 2013 .

[5]  Russell M. Cummings,et al.  Challenges in the aerodynamics modeling of an oscillating and translating airfoil at large incidence angles , 2012 .

[6]  Patrick C. Murphy,et al.  Unsteady Aerodynamic Modeling in Roll for the NASA Generic Transport Model , 2012 .

[7]  Ashok Gopalarathnam,et al.  A CFD Database for Airfoils and Wings at Post-Stall Angles of Attack , 2013 .

[8]  Robert Tomaro,et al.  The defining methods of Cobalt-60 - A parallel, implicit, unstructured Euler/Navier-Stokes flow solver , 1999 .

[9]  Ashok Gopalarathnam,et al.  Simulation of Flight Dynamics with an Improved Post-Stall Aerodynamics Model , 2012 .

[10]  Jeffery A. Schroeder,et al.  An Evaluation of Several Stall Models for Commercial Transport Training , 2014 .

[11]  Shahyar Pirzadeh,et al.  Three-dimensional unstructured viscous grids by the advancing-layers method , 1996 .

[12]  Christian B Allen,et al.  Comparison of Adaptive Sampling Methods for Generation of Surrogate Aerodynamic Models , 2013 .

[13]  Gautam H. Shah.  Aerodynamic Effects and Modeling of Damage to Transport Aircraft , 2008 .

[14]  W. K. Anderson,et al.  An implicit upwind algorithm for computing turbulent flows on unstructured grids , 1994 .

[15]  David R. Gingras,et al.  Improvement of Stall-Regime Aerodynamics Modeling for Aircraft Training Simulations , 2010 .

[16]  Ralf Heinrich,et al.  CFD-based Gust Load Analysis for a Free-flying Flexible Passenger Aircraft in Comparison to a DLM-based Approach , 2015 .

[17]  Patrick C. Murphy,et al.  System Identification Applied to Dynamic CFD Simulation and Wind Tunnel Data , 2011 .

[18]  Edward N. Tinoco,et al.  Summary of Data from the Fifth AIAA CFD Drag Prediction Workshop , 2013 .

[19]  A. Jirásek,et al.  Reduced order unsteady aerodynamic modeling for stability and control analysis using computational fluid dynamics , 2014 .

[20]  John V. Foster,et al.  Wind-Tunnel Investigation of Commercial Transport Aircraft Aerodynamics at Extreme Flight Conditions , 2002 .

[21]  C. W. Harper,et al.  A review of the stall characteristics of swept wings , 1964 .

[22]  Russell M. Cummings,et al.  Integrated Computational/Experimental Approach to Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle Stability and Control Estimation , 2012 .

[23]  Neal Frink,et al.  Strategy for Dynamic CFD Simulations on SACCON Configuration , 2010 .

[24]  James Clifton,et al.  Aircraft Stability and Control Characteristics Determined by System Identification of CFD Simulations , 2008 .

[25]  Stephan M. Hitzel,et al.  Flow Physics Analyses of a Generic Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle Configuration , 2012 .

[26]  Christine M. Belcastro,et al.  Aircraft Loss-of-Control Accident Analysis , 2010 .

[27]  Robert E. Bartels,et al.  Development, Verification and Use of Gust Modeling in the NASA Computational Fluid Dynamics Code Fun3d , 2013 .

[28]  Pranav Hosangadi.  Improved Stall Prediction for Swept Wings Using Low-Order Aerodynamics. , 2015 .

[29]  M. D. Salas,et al.  Digital Flight: The Last CFD Aeronautical Grand Challenge , 2006, J. Sci. Comput..

[30]  John V. Foster,et al.  Recent NASA Research on Aerodynamic Modeling of Post- Stall and Spin Dynamics of Large Transport Airplanes , 2007 .

[31]  John V. Foster,et al.  Simulation Study of Flap Effects on a Commercial Transport Airplane in Upset Conditions , 2005 .

[32]  Arthur Rizzi,et al.  Engineering methods applied to an unmanned combat air vehicle configuration , 2012 .

[33]  Thomas L. Jordan,et al.  NASA Langley's AirSTAR Testbed: A Subscale Flight Test Capability for Flight Dynamics and Control System Experiments , 2008 .

[34]  David Carbaugh.  Approach to Stall Training in Simulators , 2010 .

[35]  Patrick C. Murphy,et al.  Aerodynamic Effects of Simulated Ice Accretion on a Generic Transport Model , 2011 .

[36]  Sally A. Viken,et al.  CFD Assessment of Aerodynamic Degradation of a Subsonic Transport Due to Airframe Damage , 2010 .

[37]  Scott A. Morton,et al.  Kestrel Current Capabilities and Future Direction for Fixed Wing Aircraft Simulations , 2015 .

[38]  Daniella E. Raveh.  CFD-Based Models of Aerodynamic Gust Response , 2007 .

[39]  Colin S Bidwell,et al.  USERS MANUAL FOR THE NASA LEWIS THREE-DIMENSIONAL ICE ACCRETION CODE (LEWICE 3D). , 1993 .

[40]  Colin S. Bidwell.  Icing Analysis of a Swept NACA 0012 Wing Using LEWICE3D Version 3.48 , 2014 .

[41]  Russell M. Cummings,et al.  Unsteady Aerodynamics Modeling for Aircraft Maneuvers: a New Approach Using Time-Dependent Surrogate Modeling , 2012 .

[42]  Neal T. Frink,et al.  Three Unstructured Computational Fluid Dynamics Studies on Generic Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle , 2012 .

[43]  John V. Foster,et al.  Defining Commercial Transport Loss-of-Control: A Quantitative Approach , 2004 .

[44]  Russell M. Cummings,et al.  Collaborative Evaluation of CFD-to-ROM Dynamic Modeling , 2016 .

[45]  Neal T. Frink,et al.  Enhancements to TetrUSS for NASA Constellation Program , 2012 .

[46]  Susan Polsky,et al.  Coupled Flight Simulator and CFD Calculations of Ship Airwake using Kestrel , 2015 .

[47]  Russell M. Cummings,et al.  Computational Investigation into the Use of Response Functions for Aerodynamic-Load Modeling , 2012 .

[48]  Dan D. Vicroy,et al.  Static and Forced-Oscillation Tests of a Generic Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle , 2012 .

[49]  Colin Bidwell,et al.  Icing Calculations for a 3D, High-Lift Wing Configuration , 2005 .

[50]  R. Mukherjee,et al.  Poststall prediction of multiple-lifting-surface configurations using a decambering approach , 2004 .

[51]  Eugene A. Morelli,et al.  Efficient Global Aerodynamic Modeling from Flight Data , 2012 .

[52]  Russell M. Cummings,et al.  The NATO STO Task Group AVT-201 on Extended Assessment of Stability and Control Prediction Methods for NATO Air Vehicles , 2014 .

[53]  Xiaoling Tong,et al.  Discrete Surface Evolution and Mesh Deformation for Aircraft Icing Applications , 2013 .

[54]  Doug McLean.  Lift and Wings in 3D at Subsonic Speeds , 2012 .

[55]  Eugene A. Morelli,et al.  Aircraft system identification : theory and practice , 2006 .

[56]  Detlef Rohlf,et al.  Stability and Control Analysis for an Unmanned Aircraft Configuration Using System-Identification Techniques , 2012 .

[57]  Ashok Gopalarathnam,et al.  Iteration schemes for rapid post‐stall aerodynamic prediction of wings using a decambering approach , 2014 .

[58]  Ashok Gopalarathnam,et al.  Unsteady and Post-Stall Aerodynamic Modeling for Flight Dynamics Simulation , 2014 .

[59]  John V. Foster,et al.  Dynamics Modeling and Simulation of Large Transport Airplanes in Upset Conditions , 2005 .

[60]  Russell M. Cummings,et al.  Unsteady Aerodynamic Modeling of Aircraft Control Surfaces by Indicial Response Methods , 2013 .

[61]  P. Murphy,et al.  Guidelines for Computing Longitudinal Dynamic Stability Characteristics of a Subsonic Transport , 2010 .

[62]  John C. Vassberg,et al.  Development of a Common Research Model for Applied CFD Validation Studies , 2008 .

[63]  Jean-Claude Monnier,et al.  Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry Flowfield Investigation of an Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle , 2012 .

[64]  Neal T. Frink,et al.  Tetrahedral Unstructured Navier-Stokes Method for Turbulent Flows , 1998 .