Chitosan and Other Polyamines: Antifungal Activity and Interaction with Biological Membranes

The antifungal effect of chitin has been demonstrated in field experiments. A marked reduction of root-rot in beans and of vascular wilt in radishes, both caused by Fusarium spp., were observed subsequent to addition of chitin to soil (1). Chitin amendment suppressed total fungal population and stimulated lytic and antibiotic-producing microorganisms such as actinomycetes (2–4). The antifungal effect of chitin thus was indirect, via antagonistic soil microorganisms.

[1]  S. P. Kent,et al.  THE USE OF BASIC POLYSACCHARIDES IN HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CYTOCHEMISTRY: IV. PRECIPITATION AND AGGLUTINATION OF BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS BY ASPERGILLUS POLYSACCHARIDE AND DEACETYLATED CHITIN , 1962 .

[2]  P. Stössel,et al.  Effect of Chitosan, Chitin and some Aminosugars on Growth of Various Soilborne Phytopathogenic Fungi , 1984 .

[3]  B. Sneh,et al.  Effect of organic amendments on Rhizoctonia and accompanying microflora in soil. , 1967, Canadian journal of microbiology.

[4]  M. A. Stahmann,et al.  Agglutination of Red Cells by Synthetic Lysine Polypeptides.∗ , 1951, Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.

[5]  L. Hadwiger,et al.  Molecular Communication in Host-Parasite Interactions: Hexosamine Polymers (Chitosan) as Regulator Compounds in Race-Specific and Other Interactions , 1981 .

[6]  J. Lockwood,et al.  Chitin media for selective isolation and culture of actinomycetes , 1962 .

[7]  L. Hadwiger,et al.  The fungicidal effect of chitosan on fungi of varying cell wall composition , 1979 .

[8]  L. Hadwiger,et al.  Localization of Fungal Components in the Pea-Fusarium Interaction Detected Immunochemically with Anti-chitosan and Anti-fungal Cell Wall Antisera. , 1981, Plant physiology.

[9]  R. B. Pearce,et al.  Specificity of induction of the lignification response in wounded wheat leaves , 1980 .

[10]  C. Ryan,et al.  Proteinase inhibitor synthesis in tomato leaves : induction by chitosan oligomers and chemically modified chitosan and chitin. , 1984, Plant physiology.

[11]  L. Hadwiger,et al.  Chitosans and pectic polysaccharides both induce the accumulation of the antifungal phytoalexin pisatin in pea pods and antinutrient proteinase inhibitors in tomato leaves. , 1983, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[12]  David F. Kendra,et al.  Characterization of the smallest chitosan oligomer that is maximally antifungal to Fusarium solani and elicits pisatin formation in Pisum sativum , 1984 .

[13]  L. Hadwiger,et al.  Mode of Pisatin Induction: Increased Template Activity and Dye-binding Capacity of Chromatin Isolated from Polypeptide-treated Pea Pods. , 1974, Plant physiology.

[14]  A. Katchalsky,et al.  Interactions of basic polyelectrolytes with the red blood cell. II. Agglutination of red blood cells by polymeric bases. , 1959, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[15]  O. H. Lowry,et al.  Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. , 1951, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[16]  K. Park,et al.  Acid-Base Equilibria and Related Properites of Chitosan , 1983 .

[17]  D. Young,et al.  Effect of Chitosan on Membrane Permeability of Suspension-Cultured Glycine max and Phaseolus vulgaris Cells. , 1982, Plant physiology.

[18]  G. Défago,et al.  Influence du cholestérol et des saponines sur le pouvoir pathogène du Pythium paroecandrum , 1975 .

[19]  D. Young,et al.  Release of Calcium from Suspension-Cultured Glycine max Cells by Chitosan, Other Polycations, and Polyamines in Relation to Effects on Membrane Permeability. , 1983, Plant physiology.

[20]  L. Hadwiger,et al.  Chitosan as a Component of Pea-Fusarium solani Interactions. , 1980, Plant physiology.

[21]  S. Siegel,et al.  Regulation of betacyanin efflux from beet root by poly-L-lysine, ca-ion and other substances. , 1966, Plant physiology.

[22]  M. Alexander,et al.  Microbiological Processes Associated with the Use of Chitin for Biological Control , 1962 .

[23]  D. Young,et al.  Physiological changes in suspension-cultured soybean cells elicited by treatment with chitosan , 1984 .

[24]  H. Kauss,et al.  Proteolytic activation and stimulation by Ca2+ of glucan synthase from soybean cells , 1983 .

[25]  E. Ward.  Similarities Between Age-Related and Race-Specific Resistance of Soybean Hypocotyls toPhytophthora megaspermavar.sojae , 1981 .

[26]  Michael D Greenfield,et al.  Wound-Induced Proteinase Inhibitor in Plant Leaves: A Possible Defense Mechanism against Insects , 1972, Science.