Brightness fading during Ganzfeld adaptation.

The time course and extent of brightness fading in a Ganzfeld were determined for adapting luminances ranging from 0.01 to 100 cd/m2. Magnitude estimation and interocular brightness matching were used. During Ganzfeld adaptation, perceived brightness decreased slowly and leveled off, on average, after 5-7 min (adapting time increasing with luminance). On average, the total brightness loss was equivalent to a 1.2 log unit reduction in luminance, independent of adapting luminance. The residual brightness perceived at the final plateau was generally higher than the brightness of the Eigengrau, suggesting a partially sustained luminance channel.

[1]  D. Burkhardt,et al.  Brightness and the increment threshold. , 1966, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[2]  R. Jung Visual Perception and Neurophysiology , 1973 .

[3]  M. Gur Color and brightness fade-out in the ganzfeld is wavelength dependent , 1989, Vision Research.

[4]  R. W. Rodieck Maintained activity of cat retinal ganglion cells. , 1967, Journal of neurophysiology.

[5]  G. Rozhkova,et al.  Perception of stabilized retinal stimuli in dichoptic viewing conditions , 1982, Vision Research.

[6]  H. Wallach Brightness constancy and the nature of achromatic colors. , 1948, Journal of experimental psychology.

[7]  W. Metzger Optische Untersuchungen am Ganzfeld , 1930 .

[8]  H. Barlow,et al.  Changes in the maintained discharge with adaptation level in the cat retina , 1969, The Journal of physiology.

[9]  W COHEN,et al.  Spatial and textural characteristics of the Ganzfeld. , 1957, The American journal of psychology.

[10]  L. Riggs,et al.  The disappearance of steadily fixated visual test objects. , 1953, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[11]  H. B. Barlow,et al.  Slippage of Contact Lenses and other Artefacts in Relation to Fading and Regeneration of Supposedly Stable Retinal Images , 1963 .

[12]  S. Bolanowski,et al.  Perceptual “blankout” of monocular homogeneous fields (Ganzfelder) is prevented with binocular viewing , 1987, Vision Research.

[13]  D H Kelly,et al.  Motion and vision. I. Stabilized images of stationary gratings. , 1979, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[14]  H. Barlow Dark and Light Adaptation: Psychophysics , 1972 .

[15]  R. W. DITCHBURN,et al.  Vision with a Stabilized Retinal Image , 1952, Nature.

[16]  M. Gur Perceptual Fade-Out Occurs in the Binocularly Viewed Ganzfeld , 1991, Perception.

[17]  H J Gerrits,et al.  Artificial movements of a stabilized image. , 1970, Vision research.

[18]  Bahaa E. A. Saleh,et al.  Fading time of retinally-stabilized images as a function of background luminance and target width , 1993, Vision Research.

[19]  J. Gibson,et al.  Homogeneous retinal stimulation and visual perception. , 1952, The American journal of psychology.

[20]  F.J.J. Clarke,et al.  Rapid Light Adaptation of Localised Areas of the Extra-foveal Retina , 1957 .

[21]  B. Kirkwood Relationship between the electroencephalogram, eye-movements and fluctuations of visual perception , 1967 .

[22]  C. Enroth-Cugell,et al.  Chapter 9 Visual adaptation and retinal gain controls , 1984 .

[23]  D H Kelly,et al.  Measurements of chromatic and achromatic afterimages. , 1993, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[24]  P. Lennie,et al.  Mechanisms of color vision. , 1988, Critical reviews in neurobiology.

[25]  H. Gerrits,et al.  Experiments with retinal stabilized images. Relations between the observations and neural data. , 1966, Vision research.

[26]  D. Troxler Ueber das Verschwinden gegebener Gegenstande innerhalb unseres Gesichtskreises , 1804 .

[27]  J. Hochberg,et al.  Color adaptation under conditions of homogeneous visual stimulation (Ganzfeld). , 1951, Journal of experimental psychology.

[28]  J Papaioannou,et al.  Maintained activity of lateral geniculate nucleus neurons as a function of background luminance. , 1972, Experimental neurology.

[29]  Robert B. Barlow,et al.  Brightness sensation in a ganzfeld , 1976, Vision Research.

[30]  L. Riggs,et al.  Human occipital and retinal potentials evoked by subjectively faded visual stimuli. , 1967, Vision research.

[31]  L. Avant,et al.  Vision in the Ganzfeld. , 1965, Psychological bulletin.

[32]  M. Sanders Handbook of Sensory Physiology , 1975 .

[33]  D. Hebb,et al.  Visual perception approached by the method of stabilized images. , 1960, Canadian journal of psychology.

[34]  S. S. Stevens The Psychophysics of Sensory Function. , 1960 .

[35]  J R Bartlett,et al.  Response of units in striate cortex of squirrel monkeys to visual and electrical stimuli. , 1974, Journal of neurophysiology.

[36]  U. Tulunay-Keesey Stabilized target visibility as a function of contrast and flicker frequency. , 1973, Vision research.

[37]  J R Bartlett,et al.  Luxotonic responses of units in macaque striate cortex. , 1979, Journal of neurophysiology.

[38]  F.J.J. Clarke,et al.  Visual Recovery Following Local Adaptation of the Peripheral Retina (Troxler's Effect) , 1961 .

[39]  W. Metzger Optische Untersuchungen am Ganzfeld , 1930 .