Optimization of Industrial Processes at Supervisory Level: Application to Control of Thermal Power Plants

Content.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Non-linear Dynamic Modelling for Control Design.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Fundamentals of Fuzzy Logic.- 2.2.1 Basic Definitions.- 2.2.2 Basic Operations for Fuzzy Sets.- 2.3 Dynamic Models Based on Fuzzy Logic.- 2.3.1 Linguistic Fuzzy Models.- 2.3.2 Takagi-and-Sugeno Models.- 2.3.3 Position Models and Models of Gradient Position.- 2.3.4 Fuzzy Relational Models.- 2.3.5 Radial Basis Function Network - a Fuzzy Approach.- 2.4 Parameters Estimation.- 2.5 Structure Identification.- 2.6 Discussion.- 2.7 A New Structure Identification Method for Fuzzy Models.- 2.7.1 Identification Procedure.- 2.7.2 Sensitivity Analysis.- 2.7.3 Application Examples.- 2.7.4 Application to Thermal Power Plant "Nueva Renca".- 2.7.5 Analysis of Results.- 3. Non-linear Predictive Control.- 3.1 Fundamentals of Predictive Control.- 3.2 Literature Review.- 3.3 Prediction from Linear Models.- 3.4 Linear Predictive Control Algorithms.- 3.4.1 Generalised Predictive Control.- 3.4.2 Dynamic Matrix Control.- 3.5 Prediction for Non-linear Models.- 3.6 Non-linear Predictive Control.- 3.6.1 MBPC Based on Fuzzy Relational Models.- 3.6.2 Fuzzy Predictive Control Algorithms Based on Takagi-and-Sugeno Models.- 3.7 Discussion.- 4. Supervisory Optimal Control for a Pre-specified Regulatory Level.- 4.1 Problem Statement.- 4.1.1 Process Modelling.- 4.1.2 Modelling of the Regulatory Level.- 4.1.3 General Objective Function and Constraints.- 4.2 Alternative Solutions.- 4.2.1 Direct Method.- 4.2.2 Indirect Method.- 4.3 Supervisory Controller Design Based on Linear Models.- 4.3.1 Problem Statement.- 4.3.2 Supervisory Controller Without Constraints.- 4.3.3 Supervisory Controller with Constraints.- 4.4 Supervisory Controller Design Based on Non-linear Models.- 4.4.1 Problem Statement.- 4.4.2 Non-linear Supervisory Controller Without Constraints.- 4.4.3 Non-linear Supervisory Controller with Constraints.- 4.5 Application to a Boiler System.- 4.5.1 Boiler System Simulator.- 4.5.2 Problem Statement.- 4.5.3 Supervisory Controller.- 4.5.4 Comparative Analysis.- 4.6 Discussion.- 5. Application to the Control of Thermal Power Plants.- 5.1 Modelling and Simulation of a Combined Cycle Power Plant.- 5.1.1 Process Description.- 5.1.2 Analysis of the Different Models.- 5.1.3 Formulation of Combined Cycle Power Plant Model.- 5.1.4 Simulator for MATLAB(R)-SMMULINK(R) Environment.- 5.1.5 Simulator Tests.- 5.2 Control of Thermal Power Plant Boiler.- 5.2.1 Analysis of Different Control Strategies.- 5.2.2 Statement of the Supervisory Optimal Control Problem.- 5.2.3 Supervisory Control Based on a Linear Model of the Boiler.- 5.2.4 Supervisory Control Based on a Non-linear Model of the Boiler.- 5.2.5 Analysis of Results.- 6. Discussion and Conclusions.- Appendix A. Sensitivity Analysis Program.- Appendix B. Prediction of Controlled Variables and Manipulated Variables.- B.1 Prediction of Controlled Variables.- B.2 Prediction of Manipulated Variables.- Appendix C. Special Cases of Polynomial Cancellations.- C.1 A Quadratic Objective Function of the Manipulated Variables at the Supervisory Level.- C.2 A GPC Objective Function at the Supervisory Level.- Appendix D. Supervisory Controller Programs.- D.1 Direct Method.- D.2 Indirect Method.- D.3 One-step Fuzzy Predictor.- D.4 Multi-step Fuzzy Predictor.- Appendix E. Main Variables of a Combined Cycle Thermal Power Plant.- E.1 Boiler.- E.1.1 Furnace.- E.1.2 Risers.- E.1.3 Drum.- E.1.4 Superheater.- E.1.5 Reheater.- E.1.6 Economiser.- E.2 Steam Turbine.- E.2.1 The High Pressure Turbine.- E.2.2 The Intermediate Pressure Turbine.- E.2.3 The Low Pressure Turbine.- E.2.4 Steam Turbine.- E.3 Gas Turbine.- E.3.1 Compressor.- E.3.2 Combustion Chamber.- E.3.3 Turbine.- Appendix F. Simulator Programs in MATLAB(R)-SIMULINK(R).- F.1 Boiler.- F.1.1 Furnace.- F.1.2 Risers.- F.1.3 Drum.- F.1.4 Superheater.- F.1.5 Reheater.- F.1.6 Economiser.- F.2 Steam Turbine.- F.2.1 The High Pressure Turbine.- F.2.2 The Intermediate Pressure Turbine.- F.2.3 The Low Pressure Turbine.- F.3 Gas Turbine.- F.3.1 Compressor.- F.3.2 Combustion Chamber.- F.3.3 Turbine.- References.