Simultaneous dynamic and functional MRI scanning (SimulScan) of natural swallows

In studies of swallowing, dynamic and functional MRI are increasingly used to observe motor oropharyngeal behaviors and identify associated brain regions. However, monitoring of motor performance during a functional examination requires disruptive monitoring sensors, visual or auditory cued tasks, and strict subject compliance to stimuli. In this work, a simultaneous acquisition (SimulScan) was developed to provide dynamic images to monitor oropharyngeal motions during swallowing (1 mid‐sagittal slice at 14.5 frames per second) simultaneous with functional MRI (24 oblique‐axial slices with a TR of 1.6512 s). Data were acquired while three healthy adult subjects passively viewed a movie during three 15‐min scans with the purpose of covertly studying uncued natural swallows. Dynamic MR images were used to determine timing of swallow onsets for subsequent functional analysis. Resulting functional maps show significant areas of activation that agree with previous functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of cued water swallows, except for regions associated with processing the task stimulus. SimulScan may prove a useful tool in developing new techniques for studying swallowing and associated neuromuscular disorders. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

[1]  E Honda,et al.  Application of magnetic resonance imaging movie to assess articulatory movement. , 2006, Orthodontics & craniofacial research.

[2]  D. Tank,et al.  Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast dependent on blood oxygenation. , 1990, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[3]  S. Daniels,et al.  Swallowing Apraxia: A Disorder of the Praxis System? , 2000, Dysphagia.

[4]  Bradley P Sutton,et al.  Neural activation of swallowing and swallowing‐related tasks in healthy young adults: An attempt to separate the components of deglutition , 2009, Human brain mapping.

[5]  S. Ogawa.  Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast-dependent oxygenation , 1990 .

[6]  G H Glover,et al.  Simple analytic spiral K‐space algorithm , 1999, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[7]  N. Nelson,et al.  Parental Viewpoints on Change Following Auditory Integration Training for Autism , 1994 .

[8]  S Klajman,et al.  Evaluation of functional positions of tongue and soft palate with MR imaging: Initial clinical results , 1991, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[9]  R. Leonard,et al.  Timing of Events in Normal Swallowing: A Videofluoroscopic Study , 2000, Dysphagia.

[10]  Oliver Speck,et al.  Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of swallowing and laryngeal motion using parallel imaging at 3 T. , 2009, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[11]  Keith J. Worsley,et al.  Statistical analysis of activation images , 2001 .

[12]  B. Sutton,et al.  Age-Related Differences in Laterality of Cortical Activations in Swallowing , 2010, Dysphagia.

[13]  J. Weiss,et al.  Senescent swallowing: impact, strategies, and interventions. , 2009, Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.

[14]  Ravi S. Menon,et al.  Cerebral cortical representation of automatic and volitional swallowing in humans. , 2001, Journal of neurophysiology.

[15]  Douglas C Noll,et al.  Dynamic field map estimation using a spiral‐in/spiral‐out acquisition , 2004, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[16]  Nobuhiko Hata,et al.  Dynamic imaging of swallowing in a seated position using open‐configuration MRI , 2007, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[17]  J A Maldjian,et al.  Lateralization of cortical function in swallowing: a functional MR imaging study. , 1999, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[18]  Zhi-Pei Liang,et al.  Dynamic imaging of speech and swallowing with MRI , 2009, 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[19]  Michael J. Martinez,et al.  Bias between MNI and Talairach coordinates analyzed using the ICBM‐152 brain template , 2007, Human brain mapping.

[20]  Vincent L. Gracco,et al.  Imaging speech production using fMRI , 2005, NeuroImage.

[21]  Ravi Seethamraju,et al.  Faster dynamic imaging of speech with field inhomogeneity corrected spiral fast low angle shot (FLASH) at 3 T , 2010, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[22]  Michael Brady,et al.  Improved Optimization for the Robust and Accurate Linear Registration and Motion Correction of Brain Images , 2002, NeuroImage.

[23]  Mark W. Woolrich,et al.  Advances in functional and structural MR image analysis and implementation as FSL , 2004, NeuroImage.

[24]  R Shaker,et al.  Cerebral cortical representation of reflexive and volitional swallowing in humans. , 2001, American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology.

[25]  Shinobu Masaki,et al.  Dynamic Analysis of Articulatory Movement Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Movies: Methods and Implications in Cleft Lip and Palate , 2005, The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association.

[26]  R W Cox,et al.  Magnetic field changes in the human brain due to swallowing or speaking , 1998, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[27]  A. Crawley,et al.  Cortical activation during human volitional swallowing: an event-related fMRI study. , 1999, American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology.

[28]  Jo Shapiro,et al.  Evaluation and treatment of swallowing disorders , 1992, Comprehensive therapy.

[29]  Stephen M Smith,et al.  Fast robust automated brain extraction , 2002, Human brain mapping.

[30]  F G Shellock,et al.  Dynamic study of the upper airway with ultrafast spoiled GRASS MR imaging , 1992, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[31]  H. E. Brown,et al.  Utilizing hemodynamic delay and dispersion to detect fMRI signal change without auditory interference: The behavior interleaved gradients technique , 1999, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[32]  Joseph S. Gati,et al.  Discrete functional contributions of cerebral cortical foci in voluntary swallowing: a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) “Go, No-Go” study , 2005, Experimental Brain Research.

[33]  Sohail Afkari,et al.  Measuring frequency of spontaneous swallowing. , 2007, Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine.

[34]  Yuvi Kahana,et al.  Recording high quality speech during tagged cine‐MRI studies using a fiber optic microphone , 2006, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.