Task-Based Interactions in Classroom and Laboratory Settings.

While there is general agreement that conversational interaction can facilitate interlanguage development, much of the research on interaction has been conducted in experimental aboratory settings. Questions have been raised about the generalizability of the benefits observed in the laboratory to the classroom setting. The current research compared interaction in classrooms and laboratories. Seventy-four university-level students learning Spanish as a foreign language worked in dyads to complete 3 different communicative activities in classroom and laboratory settings. Analysis of the interactional patterns of each dyad provided insights into the nature of the interaction in each setting. The data suggest few differences in interactional patterns between the settings. Instead, there were differences depending on the type of task that the learners carried out.

[1]  Michael H. Long INPUT, INTERACTION, AND SECOND‐LANGUAGE ACQUISITION , 1981 .

[2]  Michael H. Long Native speaker/non-native speaker conversation and the negotiation of comprehensible input1 , 1983 .

[3]  Evangeline Marlos Varonis,et al.  The Effect Of Familiarity On The Comprehensibility Of Nonnative Speech , 1984 .

[4]  Susan M. Gass,et al.  Input in second language acquisition , 1985 .

[5]  Evangeline Marlos Varonis,et al.  Non-native/Non-native Conversations: A Model for Negotiation of Meaning , 1985 .

[6]  T. Pica The Selective Impact of Classroom Instruction on Second-language Acquisition , 1985 .

[7]  Richard Young,et al.  The Impact of Interaction on Comprehension , 1987 .

[8]  B. Vanpatten,et al.  Talking to learn : conversation in second language acquisition , 1987 .

[9]  T. Pica Interlanguage Adjustments as an Outcome of NS‐NNS Negotiated Interaction , 1988 .

[10]  T. Pica,et al.  Comprehensible Output as an Outcome of Linguistic Demands on the Learner , 1989, Studies in Second Language Acquisition.

[11]  Teresa Pica Research on Language Learning: How Can It Respond to Classroom Concerns?. , 1989 .

[12]  P. Lachenbruch Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.) , 1989 .

[13]  David Nunan,et al.  Designing Tasks For The Communicative Classroom , 1989 .

[14]  D. Nunan Methods in Second Language Classroom-Oriented Research , 1991, Studies in Second Language Acquisition.

[15]  Teresa Pica Communication with second language learners: what does it reveal about the social and linguistic processes of second language learning? , 1993 .

[16]  M. Swain,et al.  Using collaborative language production tasks to promote students’ language awareness1 , 1994 .

[17]  T. Pica Research on Negotiation: What Does It Reveal about Second-Language Learning Conditions, Processes, and Outcomes?. , 1994 .

[18]  T. Pica Questions From the Language Classroom: Research Perspectives , 1994 .

[19]  Rod Ellis,et al.  Classroom Interaction, Comprehension, and the Acquisition of L2 Word Meanings , 1994 .

[20]  H. Brown,et al.  Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy , 1995 .

[21]  Susan M. Gass,et al.  Input, interaction, and the second language learner , 1994 .

[22]  Guy Cook,et al.  Principle and Practice in Applied Linguistics: Studies in Honour of H. G. Widdowson , 1995 .

[23]  M. Swain Three functions of output in second language learning , 1995 .

[24]  Michael H. Long The Role of the Linguistic Environment in Second Language Acquisition , 1996 .

[25]  R. Lyster,et al.  CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK AND LEARNER UPTAKE , 1997, Studies in Second Language Acquisition.

[26]  Kris Van den Branden Effects of Negotiation on Language Learners' Output , 1997 .

[27]  R. Lyster Negotiation of Form, Recasts, and Explicit Correction in Relation to Error Types and Learner Repair in Immersion Classrooms , 1998 .

[28]  M. Swain,et al.  Interaction and Second Language Learning: Two Adolescent French Immersion Students Working Together , 1998 .

[29]  Pauline Foster A Classroom Perspective on the Negotiation of Meaning. , 1998 .

[30]  Michael H. Long,et al.  The Role of Implicit Negative Feedback in SLA: Models and Recasts in Japanese and Spanish , 1998 .

[31]  Rhonda Oliver,et al.  Negotiation of Meaning in Child Interactions , 1998 .

[32]  R. Lyster RECASTS, REPETITION, AND AMBIGUITY IN L2 CLASSROOM DISCOURSE , 1998, Studies in Second Language Acquisition.

[33]  Catherine Doughty,et al.  Focus on Form in Classroom Second Language Acquisition. The Cambridge Applied Linguistics Series. , 1998 .

[34]  Alison Mackey,et al.  Conversational Interaction and Second Language Development: Recasts, Responses, and Red Herrings? , 1998 .

[35]  Alison Mackey,et al.  INPUT, INTERACTION, AND SECOND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT , 1999, Studies in Second Language Acquisition.

[36]  Jessica Williams Learner-Generated Attention to Form. , 1999 .

[37]  Hitoshi Muranoi Focus on Form through Interaction Enhancement: Integrating Formal Instruction into a Communicative Task in EFL Classrooms. , 2000 .

[38]  R. Ellis Task-based research and language pedagogy , 2000 .

[39]  R. Oliver Age Differences in Negotiation and Feedback in Classroom and Pairwork , 2000 .

[40]  Alison Mackey Feedback, noticing and second language development:An empirical study of L2 classroom interaction , 2000 .

[41]  Ali Shehadeh,et al.  Self- and Other-initiated Modified Output during Task-based Interaction. , 2001 .

[42]  R. Ellis,et al.  Learner Uptake in Communicative ESL Lessons , 2001 .

[43]  Merrill Swain,et al.  Researching Pedagogic Tasks: Second Language Learning, Teaching, and Testing , 2013 .

[44]  Jessica Williams The effectiveness of spontaneous attention to form , 2001 .

[45]  Dalila Ayoun,et al.  The Role of Negative and Positive Feedback in the Second Language Acquisition of the Passé Composé and Imparfait , 2001 .

[46]  P. Lightbown,et al.  Recasts as Feedback to Language Learners , 2001 .

[47]  R. Ellis,et al.  Preemptive Focus on Form in the ESL Classroom , 2001 .

[48]  Rhonda Oliver,et al.  The Patterns of Negotiation for Meaning in Child Interactions , 2002 .

[49]  Susan M. Braidi Reexamining the Role of Recasts in Native-Speaker/Nonnative-Speaker Interactions , 2002 .

[50]  T. Pica Subject-Matter Content: How Does It Assist the Interactional and Linguistic Needs of Classroom Language Learners? , 2002 .

[51]  J. Leeman RECASTS AND SECOND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT , 2003, Studies in Second Language Acquisition.

[52]  Michael H. Long,et al.  The handbook of second language acquisition , 2003 .

[53]  Rod Ellis,et al.  Task-based Language Learning and Teaching , 2003 .

[54]  Jenefer Philp CONSTRAINTS ON “NOTICING THE GAP” , 2003, Studies in Second Language Acquisition.

[55]  Noriko Iwashita NEGATIVE FEEDBACK AND POSITIVE EVIDENCE IN TASK-BASED INTERACTION , 2003, Studies in Second Language Acquisition.

[56]  S. Loewen Variation in the frequency and characteristics of incidental focus on form , 2003 .

[57]  E. Tarone,et al.  Impact of Classroom Dynamics on the Effectiveness of Recasts in Second Language Acquisition. , 2003 .

[58]  Younghee Sheen Corrective feedback and learner uptake in communicative classrooms across instructional settings , 2004 .

[59]  David Nunan,et al.  Task-based language teaching , 2004 .

[60]  Eli Hinkel,et al.  Handbook of Research in Second Language Teaching and Learning : Volume 2 , 2011 .

[61]  Kim Mcdonough,et al.  IDENTIFYING THE IMPACT OF NEGATIVE FEEDBACK AND LEARNERS' RESPONSES ON ESL QUESTION DEVELOPMENT , 2005, Studies in Second Language Acquisition.

[62]  M. Swain The Output Hypothesis: Theory and Research , 2005 .

[63]  A. Ohta,et al.  Negotiation for Meaning and Peer Assistance in Second Language Classrooms , 2005 .

[64]  T. Pica,et al.  INFORMATION GAP TASKS: Their Multiple Roles and Contributions to Interaction Research Methodology , 2006, Studies in Second Language Acquisition.

[65]  R. Johnstone Review of research on language teaching, learning and policy published in 2004 and 2005 , 2006, Language Teaching.

[66]  Rhonda Oliver,et al.  The impact of planning time on children’s task-based interactions , 2006 .