DIPOLE THEORY IN ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY.

Abstract The equivalent cardiac generator consists of fictitious sources in an appropriate volume conductor which simulate all surface electrocardiograms on a given subject. It is convenient to consider the equivalent generator concept since it is not possible to determine the actual internal sources from surface measurements. Theory and research have been dominated by the idea of using the dipole as an equivalent source. The dipole, for example, forms the basis of vectorcardiography. Evidence gathered to date indicates that the dipole is inadequate on physical grounds, if not current clinical ones. Alternative approaches include the use of a multiple dipole source or a multipole source. The multipole source is appealing because of the evidence that the dipole approximation is less adequate for persons with known heart disease than it is for normal individuals.

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