3D TiO2@Ni(OH)2 Core-shell Arrays with Tunable Nanostructure for Hybrid Supercapacitor Application

Three dimensional hierarchical nanostructures have attracted great attention for electrochemical energy storage applications. In this work, self-supported TiO2@Ni(OH)2 core-shell nanowire arrays are prepared on carbon fiber paper via the combination of hydrothermal synthesis and chemical bath deposition. In this core-shell hybrid, the morphology and wall size of the interconnected nanoflake shell of Ni(OH)2 can be tuned through adjusting the concentration of ammonia solution. Heterogeneous nucleation and subsequent oriented crystal growth are identified to be the synthesis mechanism affecting the nanostructure of the shell material, which consequently determines the electrochemical performance in both energy storage and charge transfer. Superior capabilities of 264 mAhg−1 at 1 A g−1 and 178 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 are achieved with the core-shell hybrids of the optimized structure. The asymmetric supercapacitor prototype, comprising of TiO2@Ni(OH)2 as the anode and mesoporous carbons (MCs) as the cathode, is shown to exhibit superior electrochemical performance with high energy and power densities. The present work provides a clear illustration of the structure-property relationship in nanocrystal synthesis and offers a potential strategy to enhance the battery type Ni(OH)2 electrode in a hybrid supercapacitor device.

[1]  Jingshan Luo,et al.  Porous Hydroxide Nanosheets on Preformed Nanowires by Electrodeposition: Branched Nanoarrays for Electrochemical Energy Storage , 2012 .

[2]  H. Pan,et al.  Semiconductor nanowires and nanotubes: effects of size and surface-to-volume ratio. , 2008, ACS nano.

[3]  P. Chu,et al.  Ordered-standing nickel hydroxide microchannel arrays: Synthesis and application for highly sensitive non-enzymatic glucose sensors , 2014 .

[4]  C. Lokhande,et al.  Effect of morphology on supercapacitive properties of chemically grown β-Ni(OH)2 thin films , 2012 .

[5]  Hao Gong,et al.  A High Energy Density Asymmetric Supercapacitor from Nano‐architectured Ni(OH)2/Carbon Nanotube Electrodes , 2012 .

[6]  Gengfeng Zheng,et al.  Aligned NiO nanoflake arrays grown on copper as high capacity lithium-ion battery anodes , 2012 .

[7]  Teng Zhai,et al.  Free-standing nickel oxide nanoflake arrays: synthesis and application for highly sensitive non-enzymatic glucose sensors. , 2012, Nanoscale.

[8]  J. Tu,et al.  Hierarchically porous NiO film grown by chemical bath deposition via a colloidal crystal template as an electrochemical pseudocapacitor material , 2011 .

[9]  Guoxiu Wang,et al.  Mesoporous nickel oxide nanowires: hydrothermal synthesis, characterisation and applications for lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors with superior performance. , 2012, Chemistry.

[10]  Ziyu Wu,et al.  Ultrathin Nickel Hydroxide and Oxide Nanosheets: Synthesis, Characterizations and Excellent Supercapacitor Performances , 2014, Scientific Reports.

[11]  Jaephil Cho.  LiNi0.74Co0.26-xMgxO2 Cathode Material for a Li-Ion Cell , 2000 .

[12]  Hua Zhang,et al.  Iron oxide-decorated carbon for supercapacitor anodes with ultrahigh energy density and outstanding cycling stability. , 2015, ACS nano.

[13]  R. Liu,et al.  Controllable synthesis of 3D Ni(OH)2 and NiO nanowalls on various substrates for high-performance nanosensors. , 2015, Small.

[14]  Huigang Zhang,et al.  Fabrication of β‐Ni(OH)2 and NiO Hollow Spheres by a Facile Template‐Free Process. , 2006 .

[15]  Jeffrey W. Long,et al.  To Be or Not To Be Pseudocapacitive , 2015 .

[16]  Bin Wang,et al.  Graphene homogeneously anchored with Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles as advanced supercapacitor electrodes , 2013 .

[17]  Y. Lin,et al.  Construction of self-supported porous TiO2/NiO core/shell nanorod arrays for electrochemical capacitor application , 2013 .

[18]  J. Tu,et al.  Graphene sheet/porous NiO hybrid film for supercapacitor applications. , 2011, Chemistry.

[19]  Xingcheng Xiao,et al.  Multifunctional TiO 2 − C / MnO 2 Core − Double-Shell Nanowire Arrays as High-Performance 3 D Electrodes for Lithium Ion Batteries , 2013 .

[20]  Weiwei Zhou,et al.  Ultrathin nickel hydroxidenitrate nanoflakes branched on nanowire arrays for high-rate pseudocapacitive energy storage. , 2011, Chemical communications.

[21]  Joshua E. Goldberger,et al.  SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES AND NANOTUBES , 2004 .

[22]  H. Gong,et al.  A study on dramatically enhanced capacitance of graphene-decorated hierarchically porous nickelian heterogenite for energy storage application , 2013 .

[23]  Zichen Wang,et al.  Synthesis, growth mechanism of different Cu nanostructures and their application for non-enzymatic glucose sensing , 2012 .

[24]  Yanfang Gao,et al.  High Rate Capabilities of NiCo2O4-Based Hierarchical Superstructures for Rechargeable Charge Storage , 2014 .

[25]  R. Boukherroub,et al.  Preparation of reduced graphene oxide–Ni(OH)2 composites by electrophoretic deposition: application for non-enzymatic glucose sensing , 2014 .

[26]  H. Gong,et al.  Improvement in flexibility and volumetric performance for supercapacitor application and the effect of Ni–Fe ratio on electrode behaviour , 2015 .

[27]  Chung-Hsien Yang,et al.  Electrodeposition of nanoporous nickel oxide film for electrochemical capacitors , 2007 .

[28]  Xiuli Wang,et al.  High-quality metal oxide core/shell nanowire arrays on conductive substrates for electrochemical energy storage. , 2012, ACS nano.

[29]  Xingcheng Xiao,et al.  Multifunctional TiO2-C/MnO2 core-double-shell nanowire arrays as high-performance 3D electrodes for lithium ion batteries. , 2013, Nano letters.

[30]  Mao-Sung Wu,et al.  Nickel oxide/hydroxide nanoplatelets synthesized by chemical precipitation for electrochemical capacitors , 2008 .

[31]  J. Tu,et al.  Self-assembled synthesis of hierarchically porous NiO film and its application for electrochemical capacitors , 2012 .

[32]  Yongqing Cai,et al.  Transition metal atoms pathways on rutile TiO2 (110) surface: distribution of Ti3+ states and evidence of enhanced peripheral charge accumulation. , 2012, The Journal of chemical physics.

[33]  X. Ni,et al.  High-yield synthesis of nickel flowers from nickel hydroxide precursor , 2005 .

[34]  Teng Zhai,et al.  H‐TiO2@MnO2//H‐TiO2@C Core–Shell Nanowires for High Performance and Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitors , 2013, Advanced materials.

[35]  Feng Xu,et al.  Preparation of the Novel Nanocomposite Co(OH)2/ Ultra‐Stable Y Zeolite and Its Application as a Supercapacitor with High Energy Density , 2004 .

[36]  M. Sangaranarayanan,et al.  Analysis of polyaniline-based nickel electrodes for electrochemical supercapacitors , 2006 .

[37]  R. Agarwal,et al.  Heterointerfaces in semiconductor nanowires. , 2008, Small.

[38]  Xuewen Wang,et al.  A Facile Synthesis Method for Ni(OH)2 Ultrathin Nanosheets and Their Conversion to Porous NiO Nanosheets Used for Formaldehyde Sensing , 2012 .

[39]  Yang‐Kook Sun,et al.  Synthetic optimization of Li[Ni 1/3Co 1/3Mn 1/3]O 2 via co-precipitation , 2004 .

[40]  Yanwu Zhu,et al.  Highly conductive and porous activated reduced graphene oxide films for high-power supercapacitors. , 2012, Nano letters.

[41]  N. Sahoo,et al.  Tuning graphene surface chemistry to prepare graphene/polypyrrole supercapacitors with improved performance , 2012 .

[42]  A. J. Frank,et al.  Microstructure and pseudocapacitive properties of electrodes constructed of oriented NiO-TiO2 nanotube arrays. , 2010, Nano letters.

[43]  Ziyu Wu,et al.  Surface-enabled superior lithium storage of high-quality ultrathin NiO nanosheets , 2014 .

[44]  P. Mulvaney,et al.  Review of the Synthetic Chemistry Involved in the Production of Core/Shell Semiconductor Nanocrystals , 2007 .

[45]  Huigang Zhang,et al.  Fabrication of beta-Ni(OH)2 and NiO hollow spheres by a facile template-free process. , 2005, Chemical communications.

[46]  Zhiyuan Zeng,et al.  Integrated photoelectrochemical energy storage: solar hydrogen generation and supercapacitor , 2012, Scientific Reports.

[47]  Hao Gong,et al.  Hierarchical assembly of ZnO nanostructures on SnO(2) backbone nanowires: low-temperature hydrothermal preparation and optical properties. , 2009, ACS nano.

[48]  Pooi See Lee,et al.  Facile coating of manganese oxide on tin oxide nanowires with high-performance capacitive behavior. , 2010, ACS Nano.

[49]  H. Gong,et al.  Superior performance asymmetric supercapacitors based on a directly grown commercial mass 3D Co3O4@Ni(OH)2 core-shell electrode. , 2013, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[50]  Pierre-Louis Taberna,et al.  Modification of Al current collector surface by sol–gel deposit for carbon–carbon supercapacitor applications , 2004 .

[51]  A. Manivannan,et al.  Single-crystalline Ni(OH)2 and NiO nanoplatelet arrays as supercapacitor electrodes , 2011 .

[52]  Yichuan Ling,et al.  Hydrogen-treated TiO2 nanowire arrays for photoelectrochemical water splitting. , 2011, Nano letters.