Première description de l’endocrâne de Cro-Magnon 1 et étude de la variation et de l’évolution du cerveau chez les Hommes anatomiquement modernes

La paleoneurologie est un champ de recherche important dans le cadre des etudes sur l’evolution humaine. Les variations de taille et de forme de l’endocrâne sont en effet utiles pour differencier les differentes especes d’hominines, alors que les asymetries cerebrales sont reliees au comportement et aux capacites cognitives. Pourtant, notre connaissance de l’evolution et de la variation du cerveau d’Homo sapiens, depuis l’apparition de notre espece, est tres lacunaire. Dans un premier temps, nous detaillons l’anatomie et les asymetries (en proposant une methode innovante de quantification de ces dernieres) de l’endocrâne de Cro-Magnon 1, un des representants europeens les mieux conserves et les plus anciens des Hommes anatomiquement modernes, qui n’avait encore pu etre analyse. Puis, une etude comparative entre un echantillon de specimens fossiles et actuels d’Homo sapiens est effectuee. Bien qu’un substrat anatomique commun soit present, certaines differences de taille et d’organisation ont ete observees entre ces deux echantillons. Ces resultats illustrent la plasticite du cerveau au sein de notre espece et documentent une variabilite anatomique encore inconnue.

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