Assessment of effective patching material for concrete bridge deck -A review

Abstract Concrete bridge decks are deteriorating over time due to the inadequacy of design detailing, construction and quality of maintenance work, chemical attacks, environmental effects, and abnormal floods and erosion. At present, many effective methods in preventing further deterioration is using rapid-setting patching materials along the deck. However, more research is needed for investigating the effectiveness of other types of patching materials and potential benefits or disadvantages of utilizing these products. Therefore, it is very difficult, in many cases, for DOT engineers to select the most cost-effective patching material under complex conditions. Hence, it is necessary to investigate various patching materials on the market and develop the proper guidance to bridge the gap for the engineers. In this comprehensive literature review, the types of deterioration along concrete bridge decks as well as deterioration mechanisms are introduced firstly. And then, the types and selection criteria for patching materials are summarized. Meanwhile, the influence factors of compatibility and evaluation methods as well as results are discussed. Moreover, the most common and effective patching techniques are presented. Current review concluded that most patching failures occurred in early stage are resulted from a range of factors such as inappropriate selection of repair materials, insufficient understanding on the compatibility of patching materials with substrate concrete, and the poor installation techniques. In addition, Portland cement-based patching materials could provide optimal bond at temperatures around 68°F while certain polymer concretes provided good bond performance over a wide range of temperatures.

[1]  R. N. Swamy,et al.  STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR OF COMPOSITE RC BEAMS WITH EXTERNALLY BONDED CFRP , 1998 .

[2]  C. Tam,et al.  Removal of cement mortar remains from recycled aggregate using pre-soaking approaches , 2007 .

[3]  Jan Olek,et al.  Field Trials of Rapid-Setting Repair Materials , 2013 .

[4]  Larisa Diana Susinskas.  Field Observation of Installation and Performance of Repair Materials , 2016 .

[5]  Lucy P Priddy.  Development of Laboratory Testing Criteria for Evaluating Cementitious, Rapid-Setting Pavement Repair Materials , 2011 .

[6]  Simon A. Austin,et al.  Development of patch test to study behaviour of shallow concrete patch repairs , 1993 .

[7]  Burak Felekoğlu,et al.  Effects of steel fiber reinforcement on surface wear resistance of self-compacting repair mortars , 2007 .

[8]  A. Kamen,et al.  Thermal Effects on Physico-Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete , 2007 .

[9]  Prasada Rao Rangaraju,et al.  Evaluation of Rapid Set Patching Materials for PCC Applications , 2008 .

[10]  P H Emmons,et al.  Performance Criteria for Concrete Repair Materials. Phase 1. , 1995 .

[11]  Mitchell Lee Dornak.  Mechanical properties, early age volume change, and heat generation of rapid, cement-based repair materials , 2014 .

[12]  Jennifer Woods.  Specification Recommendation for Use of High Performance Repair Material , 2016 .

[13]  D. R. Morgan,et al.  Compatibility of concrete repair materials and systems , 1996 .

[14]  Menashii D. Cohen,et al.  Evaluation of Rapid Setting Cement-Based Materials for Patching and Repair , 2006 .

[15]  Eduardo Júlio,et al.  Factors Affecting Bond between New and Old Concrete , 2011 .

[16]  Rui Faria,et al.  Numerical modelling of concrete curing, regarding hydration and temperature phenomena , 2002 .

[17]  Jieying Zhang,et al.  Theoretical and experimental study of microcell and macrocell corrosion in patch repairs of concrete structures , 2006 .

[18]  G. Glass,et al.  Chloride‐induced corrosion of steel in concrete , 2000 .

[19]  Bankim Chandra Ray.  Effects of Thermal and Cryogenic Conditionings on Mechanical Behavior of Thermally Shocked Glass Fiber-Epoxy Composites , 2005 .

[20]  Mohammed K. Ibrahim,et al.  Mechanical properties and durability characteristics of polymer- and cement-based repair materials , 2003 .

[21]  M. R. Ehsani,et al.  Comparison of Methods for Evaluating Bond Strength Between Concrete Substrate and Repair Materials , 2005 .

[22]  Paul Sandberg.  Critical evaluation of factors affecting chloride initiated reinforcement corrosion in concrete , 1995 .

[23]  Norbert J. Delatte,et al.  Concrete Pavement Design, Construction, and Performance , 2006 .

[24]  E. K. Abraham.  Evaluation of natural rubber latex gloves and vulcanizates with special reference to residual zinc dithiocarbamate accelerators. , 2005 .

[25]  Mohamed A. El-Reedy,et al.  Steel-Reinforced Concrete Structures: Assessment and Repair of Corrosion , 2007 .

[26]  Lars Damkilde,et al.  Early Age Fracture Mechanics and Cracking of Concrete: Experiments and Modelling , 2003 .

[27]  Kamran Amini,et al.  Laboratory Testing of High Performance Repair Materials for Pavements and Bridge Decks , 2015 .

[28]  G. C. Mays,et al.  Significance of property mismatch in the patch repair of structural concrete Part 2: Axially loaded reinforced concrete members , 1990 .

[29]  Husam Najm,et al.  Evaluation of the Compatibility of Repair Materials for Concrete Structures , 2017 .

[30]  G. C. Mays,et al.  Significance of property mismatch in the patch repair of structural concrete Part 1: Properties of repair systems , 1990 .

[31]  Fernando Pacheco-Torgal,et al.  Sulphuric acid resistance of plain, polymer modified, and fly ash cement concretes , 2009 .

[32]  A. B. Poole,et al.  Introduction to alkali-aggregate reaction in concrete , 1991 .

[33]  Jing Zhang,et al.  BEHAVIOR OF HYBRID-FIBER ENGINEERED CEMENTITIOUS COMPOSITES SUBJECTED TO DYNAMIC TENSILE LOADING AND PROJECTILE IMPACT , 2005 .

[34]  David Darwin,et al.  Cracking in Concrete Bridge Decks , 1995 .

[35]  A. G. Holterhoff,et al.  Calcium aluminate cements , 1990 .

[36]  Quartz: A Tool for Tuning Parallel Program Performance , 1990, SIGMETRICS.

[37]  Medhat H. Shehata,et al.  Bridge deck rehabilitation practices in North America , 2007 .

[38]  Jeong-Yun Do,et al.  AHP-Based Evaluation Model for Optimal Selection Process of Patching Materials for Concrete Repair: Focused on Quantitative Requirements , 2012, International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials.

[39]  Norbert J. Delatte,et al.  Evaluation of High Performance Pavement and Bridge Deck Wearing Surface Repair Materials , 2016 .

[40]  J S Miller,et al.  DISTRESS IDENTIFICATION MANUAL FOR THE LONG-TERM PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE PROGRAM (FOURTH REVISED EDITION) , 2003 .

[41]  P. Emmons,et al.  Concrete Repair and Maintenance Illustrated: Problem Analysis; Repair Strategy; Techniques , 1992 .

[42]  F. Mcgarry,et al.  Matrix and Interface Stresses in a Discontinuous Fiber Composite Model , 1968 .

[43]  David W. Fowler,et al.  Investigation of Spall Repair Materials for Concrete Pavement , 2006 .

[44]  Andrea J Schokker,et al.  Bridge Deck Patching Materials , 2008 .

[45]  R. Harichandran,et al.  Improved Shallow Depth Patches for Concrete Structures , 2008 .

[46]  Paulo B. Lourenço,et al.  Bond characterization between concrete substrate and repairing SFRC using pull-off testing , 2005 .

[48]  M. Ala Saadeghvaziri,et al.  Transverse Cracking of Concrete Bridge Decks: State-of-the-Art , 2005 .

[49]  Robert J. Frosch,et al.  Investigation of Bridge Deck Cracking in Various Bridge Superstructure Systems , 2003 .

[50]  M. Frías,et al.  Mechanical expectations of a high performance concrete based on a polymer binder and reinforced with non-metallic rebars , 2008 .

[51]  Simon A. Austin,et al.  Tensile bond testing of concrete repairs , 1995 .

[52]  Arkadiusz Kwiecień,et al.  External treatments for the preventive repair of existing constructions: A review , 2018, Construction and Building Materials.

[53]  Vidal Velez Vargas.  Bridge Deck Cracking Investigation and Repair , 2012 .

[54]  L. E. Kukacka,et al.  Use of Polymers in Concrete Technology , 1982 .

[55]  Ahmed M. Soliman,et al.  Effect of drying conditions on autogenous shrinkage in ultra-high performance concrete at early-age , 2011 .

[56]  Sommerville Elizabeth Alice.  Selection of High Performance Repair Materials for Pavements and Bridge Decks , 2014 .

[57]  Fernando Pacheco-Torgal,et al.  Properties and durability of concrete containing polymeric wastes (tyre rubber and polyethylene terephthalate bottles): An overview , 2012 .

[58]  James S. Moulthrop,et al.  Selecting a Preventive Maintenance Treatment for Flexible Pavements , 1999 .

[59]  Chungkong Chau,et al.  Property evaluation of magnesium phosphate cement mortar as patch repair material , 2010 .

[60]  R. Cahn,et al.  Concise encyclopedia of building & construction materials , 1990 .

[61]  M. Leeming,et al.  Strengthening of reinforced concrete structures : using externally-bonded FRP composites in structural and civil engineering , 1999 .

[62]  Faiz Uddin Ahmed Shaikh,et al.  Review of mechanical properties of short fibre reinforced geopolymer composites , 2013 .

[63]  Simon A. Austin,et al.  A unified failure envelope from the evaluation of concrete repair bond tests , 1995 .

[64]  Andrew Lesak,et al.  Installation and Field Testing of High Performance Repair Materials for Pavements and Bridge Decks , 2014 .

[65]  Kyle Hoegh,et al.  Concrete Strength Required to Open to Traffic , 2016 .

[66]  K R White,et al.  Condition surveys of concrete bridge components: User's manual , 1988 .

[67]  Abir Al-Tabbaa,et al.  Developmental Study of a Low-pH Magnesium Phosphate Cement for Environmental Applications , 2007, Environmental technology.

[68]  J E Slater,et al.  CORROSION OF METALS IN ASSOCIATION WITH CONCRETE , 1983 .

[69]  Benjamin A. Graybeal,et al.  Durability of an Ultrahigh-Performance Concrete , 2007 .

[70]  G. Mays,et al.  Polymer Repairs to Concrete: Their Influence on Structural Performance , 1987, SP-100: Concrete Durability: Proceedings of Katharine and Bryant Mather International Symposium.

[71]  C-T Chiu,et al.  The Study of Bond Strength and Bond Durability of Reactive Powder Concrete , 2005 .

[72]  P H Emmons,et al.  FACTORS AFFECTING THE DURABILITY OF CONCRETE REPAIR: THE CONTRACTOR'S VIEWPOINT , 1994 .

[73]  M. Arockiasamy,et al.  LOAD DISTRIBUTION OF EXISTING SOLID SLAB BRIDGES BASED ON FIELD TESTS , 1999 .

[74]  M. S. Shetty,et al.  Concrete Technology: Theory and Practice , 2000 .