Evaluation of four-pole parameters for ducts with flow by the finite element method

Abstract A finite element formulation of the equations of acoustic wave propagation in the presence of a mean flow of low Mach number has been obtained. The resulting equation system has been solved with two different sets of boundary conditions in order to obtain the four-pole parameters of a specified section of duct. The results have been compared with those of existing one-dimensional models of the flow. The finite element formulation has been developed as it enables one to determine accurately the wave propagation in a duct of any given geometry. The work is intended to aid in the prediction of the insertion loss of intake silencers on internal combustion engines.